| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Wernemyr, Claes, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Users’ experience of a virtual reality architectural model compared with users’ experience of the completed building
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on advanced research in virtual and rapid prototyping. ; , s. 363-370, s. 363-370
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research investigated how the employees of a company experienced a VR-model of an office building that was to be their future work place and how that VR-experience com¬pared with the employees’ experience of the completed building. About two years after the VR-showings the building was completed and the staff had moved into the building. The results for the employees who saw the VR-presentation for the Semantic environment de¬scrip¬tion scale (SMB) comparing the experiences of the VR-model with the experiences of the completed real building suggested that the experience of the VR-model gave a fairly accurate representation of the experience of the real building However, the reactions to the VR-model were more appreciative after the VR-show as compared with when the VR-model was compared with the real building.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bonneaud, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Terminal investment induced by immune challenge and fitness traits associated with major histocompatibility complex in the house sparrow
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Evolution. - 1558-5646. ; 58:12, s. 2823-2830
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that individuals should invest more in their present reproduction if they are less likely to survive to future reproductive events. Infections, which reduce viability, may be used by individuals as a cue of a diminishing residual reproductive value and could therefore theoretically trigger an intensification of breeding effort. We tested this hypothesis in a natural population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We manipulated the immune system of breeding females by injecting them with a vaccine against the Paramyxo virus, the agent of Newcastle disease. Females were captured and treated immediately after completion of their first clutch either with the vaccine (NDV) or with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The entire clutch was subsequently removed. We also screened Mhc class I genes of females to assess possible genotype-by-immune treatment interactions on reproductive investment. Our results indicate that vaccinated females were more likely to lay replacement clutches and that the difference in number of eggs between first and replacement clutches was greater for NDV females than for controls. In addition, chick size, both in terms of tarsus length and body mass, was affected by immune activation but in interaction with nestling age and female body mass, respectively. Mhc genotype-by-immune treatment interactions were never significant; however, allelic diversity was positively correlated with nestling survival. These results show that immune system activation is potentially used as a cue of reduced survival prospect and appears to induce a costly terminal investment behavior, and Mhc diversity might be under selection in a natural population of house sparrows.
|
|
| 4. |
- Borg, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
High frequency of multiple melanomas and breast and pancreas carcinomas in CDKN2A mutation-positive melanoma families
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 0027-8874. ; 92:15, s. 6-1260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: : Inherited mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the p16(INK4a) protein, and in the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) gene confer susceptibility to cutaneous malignant melanoma. We analyzed families with two or more cases of melanoma for germline mutations in CDKN2A and CDK4 to elucidate the contribution of these gene defects to familial malignant melanoma and to the occurrence of other cancer types.METHODS: : The entire CDKN2A coding region and exon 2 of the CDK4 gene of an affected member of each of 52 families from southern Sweden with at least two cases of melanoma in first- or second-degree relatives were screened for mutations by use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: : CDKN2A mutations were found in 10 (19%) of the 52 families. Nine families carried an identical alteration consisting of the insertion of arginine at position 113 of p16(INK4a), and one carried a missense mutation, in which the valine at position 115 was replaced with a glycine. The 113insArg mutant p16(INK4a) was unable to bind cdk4 and cdk6 in an in vitro binding assay. Six of the 113insArg families had at least one member with multiple primary melanomas; the 113insArg families also had a high frequency of other malignancies-in particular, breast cancer (a total of eight cases compared with the expected 2.1; P =.0014) and pancreatic cancer (a total of six cases compared with the expected 0.16; P<.0001). Families with breast cancer also had a propensity for multiple melanomas in females, suggesting that a sex-dependent factor may modify the phenotypic expression of CDKN2A alterations.CONCLUSIONS: : Our findings confirm that the majority of CDKN2A-associated melanoma families in Sweden are due to a single founder mutation. They also show that families with the CDKN2A 113insArg mutation have an increased risk not only of multiple melanomas and pancreatic carcinoma but also of breast cancer.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Westerdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for postoperative hypocalcemia after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Archives of Surgery. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0004-0010. ; 135:2, s. 7-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HYPOTHESIS: A variety of clinical and biochemical variables may be associated with hypocalcemia after surgery for parathyroid adenoma.DESIGN: A prospective study of patients who underwent surgery for solitary parathyroid adenoma.SETTING: A university hospital department of surgery.PATIENTS: Eighty-six consecutive patients who underwent surgery for solitary parathyroid adenoma.INTERVENTION: Parathyroidectomy according to the principles of unilateral neck exploration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and biochemical risk factors for early (< or =4 days after surgery) and late (1 year after surgery) postoperative symptomatic and biochemical hypocalcemia.RESULTS: Twenty-two patients developed early symptomatic hypocalcemia. The difference in total serum calcium levels between patients, with and without early symptomatic hypocalcemia, was evident on the third and fourth postoperative days. Serum level of osteocalcin greater than 6.0 microg/L, bilateral neck exploration, and history of cardiovascular disease were risk factors for symptomatic hypocalcemia (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 4.4 [1.4-14.1], 3.8 [1.3-11.6], and 0.1 [0.02-0.60], respectively). Patients with up to 1 risk factor had a possibility of only 7% to develop early symptomatic hypocalcemia. One year after surgery, 16 patients had low levels of total serum calcium (late biochemical hypocalcemia) and were asymptomatic. Preoperative intermittent hypercalcemia was associated with an increased risk for late biochemical hypocalcemia (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-16.3).CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and biochemical risk factors for early and late postoperative hypocalcemia in patients who underwent surgery for solitary parathyroid adenoma were found. A clinically useful prognostic index for early symptomatic hypocalcemia was constructed using these risk factors.
|
|
| 7. |
- Westerdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in relation to use of sunbeds : further evidence for UV-A carcinogenicity
- 2000
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 82:9, s. 1593-1599
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population-based, matched, case-control study from southern Sweden of 571 patients with a first diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma and 913 healthy controls aged 16-80 years, the association between sunbed use and malignant melanoma was evaluated. A total of 250 (44%) cases and 372 (41%) controls reported ever having used sunbeds. A significantly elevated odds ratio for developing malignant melanoma after regular exposure to sunbeds was found, adjusted for hair colour, raised naevi, skin type and number of sunburns (odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.7). A dose-response relationship between total number of sunbed uses and melanoma risk was only found up to the level of 250 times. The OR was higher in individuals younger than age 36 years (adjusted OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.3-49.5 for regular vs. never use). The association seemed to be true only for subjects with black/dark brown or light brown hair and among females. Lesions of the extremities showed the strongest association of increased risk with sunbed use. An increased risk was related to commercial exposure and to exposure during the winter. The results substantiate the hypothesis that exposure to sunbeds might increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma.
|
|
| 8. |
- Westerdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Sunscreen use and malignant melanoma
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 87:1, s. 145-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a new population-based, matched, case-control study from southern Sweden of 571 patients with a first diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma, between 1995 and 1997, and 913 healthy controls aged 16 to 80 years, the association between sunscreen use and malignant melanoma was evaluated. The median sun protection factor (SPF) used by both cases and controls was 6, range 2 to 25. Sunscreen users reported greater sun exposure than non-users. Persons who used sunscreens did not have a decreased risk of malignant melanoma. Instead, a significantly elevated odds ratio (OR) for developing malignant melanoma after regular sunscreen use was found, adjusted for history of sunburns, hair color, frequency of sunbathing during the summer, and duration of each sunbathing occasion ¿OR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.9]. The OR was higher in subjects who reported that sunscreen use enabled them to spend more time sunbathing (adjusted OR = 8.7, 95% CI 1.0-75.8 for always vs. never use). The association appeared to hold for subjects who did not suffer from sunburns while using sunscreens, for subjects who used SPF of 10 or lower, and among men. The pattern of a significantly increased melanoma risk was seen only for lesions of the trunk. Our results are probably related mainly to earlier sunscreens of low SPF. They substantiate the hypothesis that sunscreen use, by permitting more time sunbathing, is associated with melanoma occurrence.
|
|
