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- Theorell, T, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with unfair treatment at work--what is the relationship between coping and hypertension in middle-aged men and Women? An epidemiological study of working men and women in Stockholm (the WOLF study)
- 2000
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. - : S. Karger AG. - 0033-3190 .- 1423-0348. ; 69:2, s. 86-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> An important hypothesis in psychosomatic medicine is that exposure to psychosocial factors that arouse anger may accelerate the onset of hypertension, particularly if the subject is not allowed to show anger or to deal constructively with the factor that evoked it. For working men and women, being treated in an unfair way at work may be crucial. The present study was designed to answer the question whether the pattern of coping – primarily directed towards the aggressor (open) or directed inwards or towards others (covert) – is associated with hypertension among working men and women. <i>Study group:</i> Five thousand seven hundred and twenty working men and women aged 15–64 participated in the study. The participation rate was 76%. <i>Methods:</i> The coping pattern was studied by means of a Swedish version of a self-administered questionnaire that was originally introduced by Harburg et al. <i>Results:</i> Significant results were confined to the age group 45–54. All analyses were adjusted for age and body mass index. Smoking habits and social class had no effect on the relationships. Low scores (lowest quartile) for open coping tended to be associated with an elevated prevalence ratio (PR) of hypertension both among men (PR 1.3, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.9–1.7) and women (PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). High scores for covert coping (highest quartile) were associated with an elevated PR of hypertension among men (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2) but not in women. If the analysis was confined to cases without medication, the relationship between a high level of covert coping and high blood pressure was still significant for men. For women, however, no significant findings were made after this operation. Accordingly, the relationship between a low level of open coping and hypertension in women was confined to women with medication. Coping patterns were correlated with psychosocial work environment factors, in particular decision latitude. <i>Conclusion:</i> In men, covert coping was associated with prevalence of hypertension. In women, there tended to be a relationship between low scores for open coping and hypertension.
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- Westerholm-Ormio, M, et al.
(författare)
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Immunologic activity in the small intestinal mucosa of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 52:9, s. 2287-2295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Involvement of gut immune system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, few studies have been performed on the gut mucosa from patients with type 1 diabetes. Thus, we characterized the stage of immune activation in jejunal biopsy samples from 31 children with type 1 diabetes by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR. We found enhanced expressions of HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by immunohistochemistry even on structurally normal intestine of patients with type 1 diabetes and no signs of celiac disease. In addition, the densities of IL-1a- and IL-4-positive cells detected by immunohistochemistry and IL-4 mRNA-expressing cells evaluated by in situ hybridization were increased in the lamina propria in patients with type 1 diabetes and normal mucosa. Instead, the densities of IL-2, ?-interferon (IFN-?), and tumor necrosis factor a-positive cells, the density of IFN-? mRNA positive cells, and the amounts of IFN-? mRNA detected by RT-PCR correlated with the degree of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Our study supports the hypothesis that a link exists between the gut immune system and type 1 diabetes.
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- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Mental fatigue, work and sleep
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 57:5, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study examined the multivariate relationship between mental fatigue and different work-related (work load, work hours) and background/life style factors, as well as disturbed sleep.Methods: A total of 5720 healthy employed men and women living in the greater Stockholm area participated in a questionnaire study on cardiovascular risk factors. The data were analysed using a multiple logistic regression analysis with self-rated fatigue as the dependent variable.Results: Fatigue was predicted by disturbed sleep (4.31; 3.50-5.45, high immersion in work (4.17; 2.93-5.94), high work demands (2.39; 1.54-3.69), social support, being a female, being a supervisor and high age. Shift work, work hours (including overtime) and influence at work did not become significant predictors. With control for work demands a high number of work hours was associated with lower fatigue.Conclusion: Disturbed sleep is an important predictor of fatigue, apparently stronger than previously well-established predictors such as work load, female gender, lack of exercise, etc. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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