| 1. |
- Platts, Loretta G., et al.
(författare)
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Having a Post-Retirement Job : Improvisation And Containing Commitments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 5:Supplement_1, s. 414-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative paper focuses on individuals who work after pensionable age, a distinctive period in the late career when workers are supported by the known and reliable income of a pension. Using constant comparative analysis, we analyzed interviews from a purposive sample of 25 Swedish people in their late sixties and early seventies. We examined conditions for being in paid work in terms of enabling factors (self-employment, shift work, shortage occupation), improvisation, and the role of chance. The interviews revealed that post-retirement workers took charge of the aspects of work that mattered most to them, evading the disciplinary aspects of work by controlling scheduling and limiting the duration of their commitment. These constrained commitments had knock-on effects of improving psychosocial working conditions. Women and immigrants—groups facing low pensions—experienced the greatest financial consequences of being unable to work in their retirement years in order to supplement their pension income.
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| 2. |
- Sacco, Lawrence B., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Job Quality as People Work Beyond Pensionable Age in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4642 .- 2054-4650. ; 8:3, s. 282-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large numbers of people remain in paid work after pensionable age, often in bridge jobs or with reduced working hours. Remarkably, knowledge about the quality of these jobs relative to those taken prior to pension eligibility is very limited. In this paper, we examined changes in job quality among workers in their sixties in the context of contemporaneous changes in work intensity and employment characteristics. This study is based on data from the biennial Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, 2006–2018, n = 1890–3013). Job quality outcomes were physical (dangerous, strenuous or unpleasant work) and psychosocial (job strain, effort-reward imbalance, work time control) working conditions and job satisfaction. First difference estimation was used to observe within-individual wave-to-wave changes in job quality over ages 61/62–69/70. Changes in working hours, employment characteristics (shifting to a non-permanent contract, the private sector and self-employment) and health were included as covariates. The typical individual who worked beyond pensionable age experienced statistically significant improvements in job quality. Improvements in psychosocial working conditions and job satisfaction were larger for those who reduced working hours and shifted from permanent to non-permanent contracts, from the public into the private sector and from wage-and-salary to self-employment. Work beyond pensionable age is a distinctive period, characterized by employment that becomes more flexible and rewarding and less stressful. These improvements are a function of older individuals’ preferences and ability to work fewer hours and transition to new lines of work.
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| 3. |
- Sacco, Lawrence B., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Job Quality as People Work Beyond Pensionable Age in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2399-5300. ; 5:Supplement_1, s. 414-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses data from the biennial Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health to examine changes in job quality among older workers, controlling for work intensity and employment characteristics. Job quality outcomes included job satisfaction and physical (dangerous, strenuous or unpleasant work) and psychosocial (job strain, effort-reward imbalance, work time control) working conditions. First difference estimation was used to analyze within-individual changes in job quality, as well as changes in hours, employment characteristics (shifting to a non-permanent contract, the private sector and self-employment) and health. Individuals who worked beyond pensionable age experienced statistically significant improvements in job quality, with larger improvements among those who reduced working hours and shifted from permanent to non-permanent contracts, from the public into the private sector, and from wage-and-salary to self-employment. We conclude that work beyond pensionable age is a distinctive period characterized by employment that becomes more flexible and rewarding and less stressful.
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| 4. |
- Stadin, Magdalena, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The ICT demands index included in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-4421 .- 0941-3790. ; 83:8/9, s. 674-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Technostress operationalised as ICT demands is measured by the ICT demands index in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). This index is mainly based on findings in a qualitative Swedish study, published in 2003.Methods: The index consists of six items, accompanied by five response options rated on a Likert scale. The index is introduced by: ‘New technology and flexible working conditions have changed the working life of many people. Technology can be a great help but can also lead to new kinds of stress. Estimate the extent to which you are stressed by…’. Then follows the items, such as ‘…too many calls and emails’, ‘…demands to give immediate answers to emails and telephone calls that require a lot of work’ and ‘…computers and other digital device that fails to work properly’.Results: ICT demands have been observed to be correlated with the demands- and effort dimension in the demand control- and the effort-reward imbalance models, respectively. ICT demands have also been associated with cognitive complaints and suboptimal self-rated health, in cross-sectional- and prospective analyses. However, the ICT demands index in SLOSH have also some limitations. The index does not have a resource dimesion (such as ‘technostress inhibitors’ or ‘ICT resources’) and can thus not be considered a complete measure of technostress. Additionally, the ICT demands index only reflect a smaller part of technostress and does not reflect aspects such as insecurity and uncertainty related to ICT, lack of digital literacy, and ineffective communication. The items might also be somewhat outdated since new ICT demands might have occurred since 2003, such as ICT demands related to new types of digital communication and use of RPA and AI.Conclusions: It is warranted to use updated measures of technostress that reflects both ICT demands and resources
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| 5. |
- Westerlund, Hugo, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Job Quality in the Late Career in Sweden, Japan, and the United States
- 2021
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2399-5300. ; 5:Supplement_1, s. 415-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines job satisfaction and psychosocial and physical job quality over the late career in three contrasting national settings: Sweden, Japan and the United States. The data come from an ex-post harmonized dataset of individuals aged 50 to 75 years constructed from the biennial Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, 2006–2018, n=13936 to 15520), Japanese Study of Ageing and Retirement (JSTAR, 2006–2013, n=3704) and the United States Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2006–2016, n=6239 and 8002). The job quality outcomes were physical labour, psychosocial working conditions (time pressure, discretion, pay satisfaction, job security) and job satisfaction. Random effects modelling was performed with age modelled with spline functions in which two knots were placed at ages indicating eligibility for pensions claiming or mandatory retirement. Interestingly, in each country, post-pensionable-age jobs were generally less stressful, freer, and more satisfying than jobs held by younger workers.
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