| 1. |
- Ferrie, Jane E., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in the association between sickness absence and long-term sub-optimal health by occupational position : a 14-year follow-up in the GAZEL cohort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 68:10, s. 729-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Although sickness absence is a strong predictor of health, whether this association varies by occupational position has rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of future long-term sub-optimal health by occupational position. Methods This was a prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37–51. Sickness absences (1990–1992), included in 13 diagnostic categories, were examined by occupational position in relation to self-rated health measured annually during 1993–2006. Results 60% of employees in higher occupational positions and 22% in lower positions had no sickness absence. Conversely, 9.5% of employees in higher positions and 40% in lower positions had over 30 sick-leave days. Repeated-measures logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and chronic disease showed employees with over 30 days absence, compared to those with no absence, had approximately double the risk of sub-optimal health over the 14-year follow-up in all occupational positions. 1–30 days sick-leave was associated with greater odds of sub-optimal health in the high (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.72) and intermediate (1.29; 1.15 to 1.45) but not lower occupational positions (1.06; 0.82 to 1.38). Differences by occupational position in the association between sickness absence in 13 specific diagnostic categories and sub-optimal health over the ensuing 14 years were limited to stronger associations observed with cancer and mental disorders in the higher occupational positions. Conclusions The association between sickness absence of more than 30 days over 3 years and future long-term self-rated health appears to differ little by occupational position.
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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SAR and optimization of trioxoisothiazole-based liver receptor X (LXR) agonists leading to the clinical candidate AZD3971
- 2014
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Ingår i: Division of Medicinal Chemistry. ; , s. 247-247
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. The activation of LXR induces genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which is believed to be the main effect of LXR agonists in the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis. However LXR agonists have also been shown to cause hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridaemia. The ability to separate beneficial effects from negative effects has been a challenge that so far has hampered the development of LXR agonists for human use. We herein describe the SAR and optimization of a series of trioxoisothiazole-based LXR agonists leading to compounds with nanomolar potencies and a separation of beneficial versus negative effects in vivo. This work ultimately led to the nomination of AZD3971 as a candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Ulf, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis-specific disability pension predicts suicidal behaviour and mortality in young adults : a nationwide prospective cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Increasing rates of disability pension (DP), particularly owing to mental diagnoses, have been observed among young adults in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. There is a lack of knowledge about the health prognosis in this group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DP in young adulthood owing to specific mental diagnoses or somatic diagnoses predicts suicidal behaviour and all-cause mortality.Design: A nationwide prospective cohort study.Setting: A register study of all young adults who in 2005 were 19-23 years old and lived in Sweden. Registers held by the National Board of Health and Welfare, Statistics Sweden and the National Social Insurance Agency were used.Participants: 525 276 young adults. Those who in 2005 had DP with mental diagnoses (n=8070) or somatic diagnoses (n=3975) were compared to all the other young adults in the same age group (n=513 231).Outcome measures: HRs for suicide attempt, suicide and all-cause mortality in 2006-2010 were calculated by Cox proportionate hazard regression models, adjusted for sex, country of birth, parental education and parental and previous own suicidal behaviour.Results: The adjusted HR for suicide attempt was 3.32 (95% CI 2.98 to 3.69) among those on DP with mental diagnoses and 1.78 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.26) among those on DP with somatic diagnoses. For the specific mental diagnoses, the unadjusted HRs ranged between 2.42 (mental retardation) and 22.94 (personality disorders), while the adjusted HRs ranged between 2.03 (mental retardation) and 6.00 (bipolar disorder). There was an increased risk of mortality for young adults on DP in general, but only those with mental DP diagnoses had a significantly elevated HR of completed suicide with an adjusted HR of 3.92 (95% CI 2.83 to 5.43).Conclusions: Young adults on DP are at increased risk of suicidal behaviour and preterm death, which emphasises the need for improved treatment and follow-up.
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| 4. |
- Leineweber, Constanze, et al.
(författare)
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Inflytande över arbetstiden och sjuknärvaro/sjukfrånvaro
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 19:4, s. 87-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexibla arbetstider blir allt vanligare. De förväntas underlätta verksamhetens förmåga att hantera arbetstoppar, tillgodose anställdas behov av livsbalans samt möjliggöra bättre hälsa och arbetsprestation. Flexibilitet skapas ofta genom att de anställda ges inflytande över arbetstiderna. Vetenskaplig kunskap om sambandet mellan arbetstidskontroll och sjukfrånvaro/sjuknärvaro saknas nästan helt. I föreliggande studie undersöks sambandet mellan arbetstidskontroll samt dess underdimensioner och självrapporterad sjukfrånvaro/sjuknärvaro i ett representativt urval av den arbetande befolkningen i Sverige.
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| 5. |
- Leineweber, Constanze, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness presenteeism among Swedish police officers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 21:1, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The aim was to describe the prevalence of sickness presenteeism (SP) and to explore possible associations with work characteristics among Swedish police officers. Methods Questionnaire data from 11,793 police officers were analysed. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SP were calculated with modified Poisson regression. SP was defined as having gone to work on two or more occasions during the past 12 months despite judging that one's health would have motivated sickness absence. Results Of the police officers, 47% reported SP. All studied work environment factors were significantly associated with SP. The strongest association was found for stress (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.41-1.52). Low support from colleagues and low control had higher impact on the risk estimates for SP among older subjects. Adjustment for self-rated health lowered the RRs, however, estimates remained statistically significant. The results indicated that SP was most affected by work environment among subjects with good self-rated health. Conclusions SP was high among police officers. Work environment factors seem to be associated with SP, particularly among subjects with good general health.
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| 6. |
- Leineweber, Constanze, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness presenteeism is more than an alternative to sickness absence : results from the population-based SLOSH study
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 85:8, s. 905-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Sickness presenteeism, defined as 'going to work despite judging that one should have reported in sick', is usually considered to be a complementary alternative to sickness absence. Nonetheless, several studies have reported a positive association between sickness absence and sickness presenteeism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the contemporaneous positive association between sickness absence and sickness presenteeism can be explained by illness, work incapacity, and/or work environment.METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on answers to a comprehensive questionnaire from 8,304 working women and men, those in the second wave of the nationally representative Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between sickness presenteeism and sickness absence.RESULTS: Sickness absence was strongly associated with sickness presenteeism. Sickness absence of 1-7 days during a 12-month period more than doubled the odds of also having sickness presenteeism of more than 8 days during the same 12-month period (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.79-2.49). Adjusting for age and sex did not attenuate the association; further adjustment for work environment, self-rated health, chronic diseases, and work capacity reduced the odds somewhat, but they remained highly significant (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.56-2.25).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that sickness presenteeism is not, as earlier hypothesised, just an alternative to sickness absence, given a certain level of health or work incapacity. Other, so far unknown explanations for both sickness absence and sickness presenteeism must be sought.
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| 7. |
- Martinez-Rivera, Melissa C., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical and Structural Properties of a Protein System Designed To Generate Tyrosine Pourbaix Diagrams
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 133:44, s. 17786-17795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes a model protein specifically tailored to electrochemically study the reduction potential of protein tyrosine radicals as a function of pH. The model system is based on the 67-residue alpha(3)Y three-helix bundle, alpha(3)Y contains a single buried tyrosine at position 32 and displays structural properties inherent to a protein. The present report presents differential pulse voltammograms obtained from alpha(3)Y at both:acidic (pH 5.6) and alkaline (pH 8.3) Conditions. The. observed Faradaic. response is uniquely associated. with Y32, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis. This is the first time voltammetry is successfully applied to detect a redox-active tyrosine residing in a structured protein environment. Tyrosine is a proton coupled electron transfer cofactor making voltammetry-based pH titrations a central experimental approach. A second set of experiments was performed to demonstrate that pH-dependent studies can be conducted on the redox-active tyrosine without introducing large-scale structural changes in the protein scaffold alpha(3)Y was re-engineered-with the specific aim to place the imidazole group of a histidine close to the Y32 phenol ring alpha(3)Y-K29H and alpha(3)Y-K36H each contain a histidine residue whose protonation perturbs the fluorescence of Y32. We show that these variants are stable and well-folded proteins whose helical: content, tertiary structure, solution aggregation state, and solvent-sequestered position of Y32 remain pH insensitive across a range of at least 3-4 pH units. These results confirm that the local environment of Y32 can be altered and the resulting radical site studied by voltammetry over a broad pH range without interference from long-range structural effects.
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| 8. |
- Melchior, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Does sickness absence due to psychiatric disorder predict cause-specific mortality? A 16-year follow-up of the GAZEL occupational cohort study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 172:6, s. 700-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental disorders are a frequent cause of morbidity and sickness absence in working populations; however, the status of psychiatric sickness absence as a predictor of mortality is not established. The authors tested the hypothesis that psychiatric sickness absence predicts mortality from leading medical causes. Data were derived from the French GAZEL cohort study (n = 19,962). Physician-certified sickness absence records were extracted from administrative files (1990-1992) and were linked to mortality data from France's national registry of mortality (1993-2008, mean follow-up: 15.5 years). Analyses were conducted by using Cox regression models. Compared with workers with no sickness absence, those absent due to psychiatric disorder were at increased risk of cause-specific mortality (hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, gender, occupational grade, other sickness absence-suicide: 6.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.07, 11.75; cardiovascular disease: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.08; and smoking-related cancer: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.53). After full adjustment, the excess risk of suicide remained significant (HR = 5.13, 95% CI: 2.60, 10.13) but failed to reach statistical significance for fatal cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.66) and smoking-related cancer (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.03). Psychiatric sickness absence records could help identify individuals at risk of premature mortality and serve to monitor workers' health.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Taloyan, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness presenteeism predicts suboptimal self-rated health and sickness absence : a nationally representative study of the Swedish working population
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Earlier studies have suggested that sickness presenteeism (SP) may be a risk factor for future health problems. The purpose of the present study was to test this in a nationally representative prospective study of Swedish workers.METHODS: Prospective cohort with a representative sample of the Swedish working population surveyed in 2008 and 2010. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression.RESULTS: Those who reported more than 7 days of SP had higher risk of suboptimal SRH compared to those who reported no SP (OR = 5.95; 95% CI 4.98-7.12), also after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.30-2.06). Those who reported 1-7 days of SP also had an increased risk before and after adjustments. Inclusion of self-rated physical and psychological work capacity did not attenuate the associations, whereas of emotional exhaustion attenuated the ORs to non-significance for both outcomes, indicating that the health consequences associated with SP are largely related to mental health.CONCLUSION: The results strengthen earlier findings suggesting that SP can be a risk factor for future suboptimal general health and sickness absence, particularly through mental health problems. This indicates that asking about SP could yield important information for employers, occupational health practitioners and GPs, possibly leading to more timely intervention that could decrease the risk of future sickness absence and more serious health problems, especially in the mental domain. Further studies of the possible causal pathways between SP and future health development are also warranted, especially since going to work is often seen as desirable also for those with poor health.
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