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| 2. |
- Henriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety in primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 297, s. 26-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for high-quality research regarding exercise interventions for persons with anxiety disorders. We investigate whether a 12-week exercise intervention, with different intensities, could reduce anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders.286 patients were recruited from primary care in Sweden. Severity of symptoms was self-assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two group exercise programs with cardiorespiratory and resistance training and one control/standard treatment non-exercise group, with 1:1:1 allocation.Patients in both exercise groups showed larger improvements in both anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the control group. No differences in effect sizes were found between the two groups. To study a clinically relevant improvement, BAI and MADRS-S were dichotomized with the mean change in the control group as reference. In adjusted models the odds ratio for improved symptoms of anxiety after low-intensity training was 3.62 (CI 1.34-9.76) and after moderate/high intensity 4.88 (CI 1.66-14.39), for depressive symptoms 4.96 (CI 1.81-13.6) and 4.36 (CI 1.57-12.08) respectively. There was a significant intensity trend for improvement in anxiety symptoms.The use of self-rating measures which bears the risk of an under- or overestimation of symptoms.A 12-week group exercise program proved effective for patients with anxiety syndromes in primary care. These findings strengthen the view of physical exercise as an effective treatment and could be more frequently made available in clinical practice for persons with anxiety issues.
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| 3. |
- Nyberg, Jenny, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deficits in cognitive performance are reported in patients with anxiety disorders, but research is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between cognitive function, with focus on executive function, and anxiety severity in primary care patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders.189 Swedish patients aged 18-65years (31% men) with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included. Severity of anxiety was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory self-assessment scale. Digit span, block design and matrix reasoning tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, and the design fluency test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were used. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship of anxiety severity and cognitive functioning. Comparisons were also performed to a normed non-clinical population, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.More severe anxiety was associated with lower digit span test scores (R2=0.109, B=-0.040, p=0.018), but not with block design, matrix reasoning or design fluency tests scores, after adjustment for comorbid major depression in a multivariable model. When compared to a normed population, patients with anxiety performed significantly lower on the block design, digit span forward, digit span sequencing and matrix reasoning tests.Severity of anxiety among patients with anxiety disorder was associated with executive functions related to working memory, independently of comorbid major depression, but not with lower fluid intelligence. A further understanding of the executive behavioral control in patients with anxiety could allow for more tailored treatment strategies including medication, therapy and interventions targeted to improve specific cognitive domains.
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| 4. |
- Al-Taai, Nameer, et al.
(författare)
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A Superimposition-Based Cephalometric Method to Quantitate Craniofacial Changes
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the craniofacial changes related to growth and/or to orthodontic and orthognathic treatments, it is necessary to superimpose serial radiographs on stable structures. However, conventional superimposition provides only a graphical illustration of these changes. To increase the precision of growth and treatment evaluations, it is desirable to quantitate these craniofacial changes. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate a superimposition-based cephalometric method to process numerical data for craniofacial growth changes and (2) identify a valid, reliable, and feasible method for superimposition. Forty pairs of cephalograms were analyzed at T1 and T2 (mean age 9.9 and 15.0 years, respectively). The superimposition-based cephalometric method involved relating the sagittal and vertical measurements on the T2 radiographs to the nasion and sella landmarks on the T1 radiographs. Validity and reliability were evaluated for three superimposition methods: the sella-nasion (SN); the tuberculum sella-wing (TW); and Bjork's structural. Superimposition-based cephalometrics can be used to quantify craniofacial changes digitally. The numerical data from the superimposition-based cephalometrics reflected a graphical illustration of superimposition and differed significantly from the data acquired through conventional cephalometrics. Superimposition using the TW method is recommended as it is valid, reliable, and feasible.
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| 5. |
- Al-Taai, Nameer, et al.
(författare)
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Craniofacial changes from 13 to 62 years of age
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 44:5, s. 556-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In long-term studies of orthodontic, orthognathic, and prosthodontic treatments, control subjects are needed for comparison. Objectives To study the craniofacial (skeletal, soft tissue, and dental) changes that occur in untreated subjects with normal occlusion between 13 and 62 years of age. Materials/Methods Thirty subjects with a Class I normal occlusion and harmonious facial profile were studied. X-ray examinations were performed at 13 (T1), 16 (T2), 31 (T3), and 62 (T4) years of age, and data were obtained from cephalograms. In total, 53 angular and linear parameters were measured using superimposition-based and conventional cephalometric methods to describe the craniofacial changes. Results The jaws showed significant anterior growth from T1 to T2, and significant retrognathism from T3 to T4. The anterior face height and jaw dimensions increased significantly until T3. Significant posterior rotation of the mandible and opening of the vertical jaw relation, in addition to significant retroclination of the incisors and straightening of the facial profile, were found from T3 to T4. Limitations Given the small sample size at T4, it was not possible to analyse the gender dimension. Conclusions/Implications Craniofacial changes continue up to the sixth decade of life. These changes are consistent, albeit to a lesser extent, with the adolescent growth patterns for most of the studied parameters, with the exceptions of incisor inclination, sagittal jaw position, vertical jaw relation and inclination, and posterior face height.
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| 6. |
- Al-Taai, Nameer, 1975-
(författare)
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Dentoalveolar and craniofacial changes from early adolescence to late adulthood
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Study I: To evaluate the reliability and validity of different superimposition methods and to increase the precision with which craniofacial growth and treatment can be quantified. Study II: To explore the craniofacial changes that occur from early adolescence to late adulthood. Study III: To assess the impact of premolar extractions on dentoskeletal and facial morphologies up to late adulthood. Study IV: In a 50-year follow-up, to study how early extraction of four premolars affects the development of age-related lower incisor crowding. Materials and Methods: Study I: Forty pairs of cephalograms were analysed at mean ages of 9.9 (T1) and 15.0 (T2) years. Three superimposition methods were assessed: the Sella-Nasion (SN); the Tuberculum Sella-Wing (TW); and Björk’s structural. Björk’s structural method was performed using three techniques: direct, tracing template, and subtraction. Study II: Thirty subjects with a Class I normal occlusion and harmonious facial profile were investigated. Study data were obtained from cephalograms performed at 12 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), and 62 (T4) years of age. The craniofacial changes were assessed using superimposition-based and conventional cephalometric methods. Study III: Two groups were included. The Extraction group (N=30 with Class I crowding malocclusion) had their first premolars extracted at a mean age of 11.5 years, without subsequent orthodontic treatment. The Control group included 30 untreated subjects with Class I normal occlusion. Study data were obtained from cephalograms performed at 12 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3) and 62 (T4) years of age. The dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes were assessed using superimposition-based and conventional cephalometric methods. Study IV: Two groups were included. The Extraction group (N=24 with Class I crowding malocclusion) that had their first premolars extracted at mean age of 11.5 years, without subsequent orthodontic treatment. The Control group included 21 untreated subjects with Class I normal occlusion. Study data were obtained from dental casts and cephalograms performed at mean ages of 11.4 and 13.0 years, for the two groups, respectively (T1), and at mean ages of 30.9 years (T2) and 61.7 years (T3).Results: Study I: The numerical data from the superimposition-based cephalometrics reflected a graphical illustration of superimposition and differed significantly from the data acquired using conventional cephalometrics. While there were no significant differences between the TW method and Björk’s three techniques, significant differences were found between the SN method and the other methods. Study II: The maxilla and mandible showed significant anterior growth from T1 to T2, and significant retrognathism from T3 to T4. The anterior facial height and jaw dimensions increased significantly until T3. From T3 to T4, significant posterior rotation of the mandible and opening of the vertical jaw relation were observed, in addition to significant retroclination of the upper incisors, decrease in lip prominence, and straightening of the facial profile. Study III: There were no significant differences between the Extraction and Control groups in terms of the skeletal sagittal relation, incisor inclination and protrusion (or for most of the soft tissue parameters) during the observation period. Study IV: The Extraction group showed significant improvement in the space deficiency of the lower teeth and no changes in the irregularity of the lower incisors up to late adulthood. In contrast, both the space deficiency of the lower teeth and irregularity of the lower incisors were significantly exacerbated in the Control group, up to late adulthood. Conclusions: The superimposition-based cephalometric method accurately generates numerical data for the craniofacial changes. Superimposition using the TW method is valid, reliable, and feasible, and is recommended to be used for superimposition-based cephalometrics. Moreover, craniofacial changes and development of lower incisor irregularity and crowding continue up to late adulthood in untreated subjects who were originally classified as having normal occlusion. For successful long-term outcomes, clinicians should therefore consider age-related changes in patients when planning for orthodontic, orthognathic, and prosthodontic treatments. Treatment with the extraction of four premolars alone in patients with Class I malocclusion with severe crowding does not impact the long-term dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile, and results in unchanged lower incisor alignment.
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| 7. |
- Al-Taai, Nameer, et al.
(författare)
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Dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes after treatment of crowding with premolar extractions: a 50-year follow-up
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 45:1, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The long-term effects on dentofacial morphology of interceptive treatment with premolar extractions, in the absence of subsequent orthodontic treatment, have not been fully explored. Objective The aim was to investigate the effects of premolar extractions (without subsequent orthodontic treatment) on the dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile of patients aged between 12 and 62 years with Class I malocclusion with severe crowding, as compared to untreated controls. Materials and methods The Extraction group (N = 30 with Class I crowding malocclusion) had their first premolars removed in early adolescence without subsequent orthodontic treatment. The Control group included 30 untreated subjects with Class I normal occlusion. Cephalograms were taken at 12 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), and 62 (T4) years of age. A superimposition-based cephalometric method was used to assess the dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes. Results There were no significant differences between the Extraction and Control groups in terms of skeletal sagittal relation, incisor inclination, and protrusion, or most of the soft tissue parameters throughout the observation period. However, significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to the vertical relations in T2-T3, such that the Extraction group showed more-pronounced decreases in the ML/NSL, ML/NL, and Gonial angles and more-pronounced increases in facial heights. Conclusions and implications Treatment for subjects with Class I malocclusion with severe crowding by the extraction of four premolars, without subsequent orthodontic treatment, does not affect the long-term dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile, as compared to an untreated Control group. The degree of crowding, rather than changes in dentofacial morphology, is crucial in deciding on extraction therapy.
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| 8. |
- Arnqvist, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of HbA(1c) Followed 32 Years From Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes on Development of Severe Retinopathy and Nephropathy: The VISS Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : AMER DIABETES ASSOC. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 45:11, s. 2675-2682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To evaluate HbA(1c) followed from diagnosis, as a predictor of severe microvascular complications (i.e., proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR] and nephropathy [macroalbuminuria]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a population-based observational study, 447 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 35 years of age from 1983 to 1987 in southeast Sweden were followed from diagnosis until 2019. Long-term weighted mean HbA(1c) (wHbA(1c)) was calculated by integrating the area under all HbA(1c) values. Complications were analyzed in relation to wHbA(1c) categorized into five levels. RESULTS After 32 years, 9% had no retinopathy, 64% non-PDR, and 27% PDR, and 83% had no microalbuminuria, 9% microalbuminuria, and 8% macroalbuminuria. Patients with near-normal wHbA(1c) did not develop PDR or macroalbuminuria. The lowest wHbA(1c) values associated with development of PDR and nephropathy (macroalbuminuria) were 7.3% (56 mmol/mol) and 8.1% (65 mmol/mol), respectively. The prevalence of PDR and macroalbuminuria increased with increasing wHbA(1c), being 74% and 44% in the highest category, wHbA(1c) >9.5% (>80 mmol/mol). In comparison with the follow-up done after 20-24 years duration, the prevalence of PDR had increased from 14 to 27% and macroalbuminuria from 4 to 8%, and both appeared at lower wHbA(1c) values. CONCLUSIONS wHbA(1c) followed from diagnosis is a very strong biomarker for PDR and nephropathy, the prevalence of both still increasing 32 years after diagnosis. To avoid PDR and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes, an HbA(1c) <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and as normal as possible should be recommended when achievable without severe hypoglycemia and with good quality of life.
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| 9. |
- Bespalova, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Single-Molecule Trapping and Measurement in a Nanostructured Lipid Bilayer System
- 2022
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5827 .- 0743-7463. ; 38:45, s. 13923-13934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The repulsive electrostatic force between a biomolecule and a like-charged surface can be geometrically tailored to create spatial traps for charged molecules in solution. Using a parallel-plate system composed of silicon dioxide surfaces, we recently demonstrated single-molecule trapping and high precision molecular charge measurements in a nanostructured free energy landscape. Here we show that surfaces coated with charged lipid bilayers provide a system with tunable surface properties for molecular electrometry experiments. Working with molecular species whose effective charge and geometry are well-defined, we demonstrate the ability to quantitatively probe the electrical charge density of a supported lipid bilayer. Our findings indicate that the fraction of charged lipids in nanoslit lipid bilayers can be significantly different from that in the precursor lipid mixtures used to generate them. We also explore the temporal stability of bilayer properties in nanofluidic systems. Beyond their relevance in molecular measurement, such experimental systems offer the opportunity to examine lipid bilayer formation and wetting dynamics on nanostructured surfaces.
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| 10. |
- Buchanan, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
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