| 1. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
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| 2. |
- Bousquet, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018) : Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 143:3, s. 864-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.
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| 3. |
- Börjesson, Mikaela, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Increased thermal stability of nanocellulose composites by functionalization of the sulfate groups on cellulose nanocrystals with azetidinium ions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 135:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) prepared via sulfuric acid hydrolysis are decorated with sulfate groups that yield a stable water suspension. To make the CNCs adaptable for use in composites, the hydroxyl groups on the surface are usually hydrophobized. In this article, an alternative hydrophobization method is described in which the sulfate groups are conjugated with azetidinium salts. The results of this study show that the sulfate groups can be functionalized with azetidinium salts and from thermal studies, it was discovered that the functionalization led to a 100 degrees C increase in thermal stability, compared with unmodified CNCs. The nanocomposites prepared by extrusion of CNC-coated low-density polyethylene powder displayed similar mechanical properties as the CNC-reference sample, but without the discoloration, due to the increased thermal stability. In conclusion, the azetidinium reagent reacts preferentially with sulfate groups, and this new type of chemical conversion of sulfate groups on polysaccharides will be beneficial in nanocomposite manufacturing. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Forsgren, Lilian, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Composites with surface-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 54:4, s. 3009-3022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxyazetidinium salts were used to surface-modify cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by grafting the salts onto the sulphate ester groups on the CNC surfaces. The grafting was confirmed by ζ-potential measurements and by the thermal degradation behaviour of the modified CNC. The thermal stability (onset of degradation) of the CNC was improved by the surface modification (almost 100 °C). Composites containing surface-modified or unmodified CNC (0.1, 1.0 and 10 wt%) with an ethylene-based copolymer as matrix were produced by compression moulding. The thermal stability of the composites was not, however, markedly improved by the surface grafting onto the CNC. It is suggested that this is due to a degrafting mechanism, associated with the alkaline character of the system, taking place at high temperatures. Model experiments indicated, however, that this did not occur at the conditions under which the composites were produced. Furthermore, in the case of a reference based on pH-neutralised polymeric system and modified CNC, an upward shift in the onset of thermal degradation of the composite was observed. The addition of the CNC to the polymer matrix had a strong influence of the mechanical performance. For example, the tensile modulus increased approximately three times for some systems when adding 10 wt% CNC. The surface grafting of the hydroxyazetidinium salts appeared mainly to affect, in a positive sense, the yield behaviour and ductility of the composites. The results of the mechanical testing are discussed in terms of interactions between the grafted units and the matrix material and between the grafted groups.
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| 5. |
- Gahrton, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Viremic hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection, and vaccination status among prisoners in Stockholm County
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2334. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners. Secondary aims were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the proportion who have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination.METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all incarcerated persons (n = 667) at all prisons (n = 9) in Stockholm County was conducted. All prisoners are routinely offered opt-in screening for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HIV Ag/Ab at prison in Sweden. Data on the results of these tests and the number of received HBV vaccine doses were collected from the prison medical records. The parameters of HCV RNA, anti-HCV, and occurrence of testing for HCV were analysed in multiple logistic regression models in relation to age, sex and prison security class.RESULTS: The median age was 35 (IQR 26-44) years, and 93.4% were men. Seventy-one percent (n = 471) had been tested for anti-HCV, 70% (n = 465) for HBsAg and 71% (n = 471) for HIV. The prevalence of anti-HCV, HCV RNA, HBsAg and HIV Ag/Ab was 17.0, 11.5, 1.9, and 0.2%, respectively among tested persons. The proportion of prisoners who had received full HBV vaccination was 40.6% (n = 271) among all study subjects.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners in Stockholm County was 11.5%, which is high in comparison to the general population. Therefore, when aiming for the WHO goal of HCV elimination, prisons could suit as a platform for identification and treatment of HCV infection. There is a need to increase testing for blood-borne viruses and to improve vaccination coverage against HBV in Swedish prisons.
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| 6. |
- Goel, Suchi, et al.
(författare)
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RIFINs are adhesins implicated in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 21:4, s. 314-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rosetting is a virulent Plasmodium falciparum phenomenon associated with severe malaria. Here we demonstrate that P. falciparum-encoded repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFINs) are expressed on the surface of infected red blood cells (iRBCs), bind to RBCs-preferentially of blood group A-to form large rosettes and mediate microvascular binding of iRBCs. We suggest that RIFINs have a fundamental role in the development of severe malaria and thereby contribute to the varying global distribution of ABO blood groups in the human population.
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| 7. |
- Jaldemark, Jimmy, Docent, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Wearable technologies as a research tool for studying learning : The application of spy glasses in data collection of children's learning
- 2019. - 2
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Ingår i: Handbook of mobile teaching and learning. - : Springer. - 9789811327650
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the potential that wearable technologies have for studying and understanding how people learn. In particular, the focus is on how spy glasses can be used as a tool for collecting data from educational situations. The chapter report from two different cases performed by the authors in which spy glasses were used, including considerations made from a methodological point of view. From the first case a conclusion is that spy-glass recording made it possible to closely follow teaching and learning during science labwork and find specific elements not found in video data from ordinary video cameras. The second case reports on valuable information about how the motivation for learning works in young children. Drawing further from these studies, the study elaborate on themes that arise as central to video research: ethics, technology and methodology as well as selection and analysis. The chapter discusses a transformation in how childhood is considered in relation to new technology. Here children are seen as more active and participatory in the shaping of their own childhoods. This can also result in developing new research methods in order to understand and visualise the child’s perspective, and using wearable technologies could certainly be one of these areas. In other words, it is a unique perspective when participants are co-creators of research studies. This implies important future work ahead, developing and applying wearable technologies for education and educational research.
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| 8. |
- Löfdahl Hultman, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced teachers in Swedish schools – proud missionaries with visions of development
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today’s schools, teachers’ work and teachers’ professional knowledge are increasingly challenged and questioned, and politicians tend to seek quick solutions to the schools’ so called ‘academic crisis’. One such solution was the reform of career positions for advanced teachers put in place in 2013 to support the careers of individual teachers and contribute to increased goal achievement and local school development in general. This paper is part of a project aimed at examining how the teacher profession is ‘done’ regarding this ongoing reform and how teacher professionalism can be understood as part of school development. We stress the importance of exploring various conditions that might contribute to the ambitions of the reform and thereby the need of research that takes into consideration the fact that the teacher profession is ‘done’ in local contexts and diverse social geographies (Ball, 2006). As a first step, the purpose of the paper is to shed light on how advanced teachers express the meaning of being an advanced teacher from their own perspective. The project is based on theories of teacher professionalism, gender and school development, shaping a theoretical model where the theories are used to examine and describe the advanced teachers’ integrated profession and work and to support theoretical and empirical syntheses on the individual, local organizational and system level (Gaskell & Mullen, 2009, Fullan, 2001). The empirical material from this first step consists of interviews from six teachers and a survey with open questions sent to advanced teachers in one municipality a few months after they had begun working as such. The focus in both the interviews and the survey was to spot the opportunities, challenges and expectations related to these teachers’ new mission. Preliminary analyses from the survey show a considerable lack of clarity about the mission, although one important element is described as ‘getting colleagues on the track’, as colleagues’ attitudes are of great importance. From the interviews, the analysis shows that the teachers consider themselves to be door openers, both figuratively and literally.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Moberg, Tobias, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Rheological properties of nanocellulose suspensions : effects of fibril/particle dimensions and surface characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 24:6, s. 2499-2510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rheological properties of aqueous suspensions based on three different nanocelluloses were compared. One system was obtained via acid hydrolysis (thus yielding crystalline nanocellulose, CNC) and the other two from mechanical shearing, but from different origins and subjected to different pretreatments. Of the latter two, one was considered to be a rather typical cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspension whereas the other was a kind of intermediate between CNF and CNC. All three nanocellulose elements differed in dimensions as evident from transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. With regard to the length of the fibrils/particles, the three nanocelluloses formed three distinct groups with lengths between 200 and slightly more than 800 nm. The three cellulosic elements were also subjected to a TEMPO-mediated oxidation yielding a similar carboxylate content in the three systems. Furthermore, the TEMPO-oxidized elements were grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The amount of grafted PEG was about 35 wt%. The shear viscosity, the storage modulus and the loss modulus of suspensions of the unmodified, the TEMPO-oxidized and the grafted nanocelluloses were determined at room temperature and the solids content of the suspensions was varied between 0.7 and 2.0 wt%. It was concluded that the rheological properties varied significantly between the suspensions depending on the dimensions of the cellulosic elements and their surface characteristics. In this context, the length (or the aspect ratio) of the particles played a very important role.
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