| 1. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
-
Initiation of acute pancreatitis by heparan sulphate in the rat.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:4, s. 480-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The initiating events in the onset of pancreatitis are poorly understood. Possible candidates may be endogenous ligands, acting on receptors within ductal, acinar or stellate cells, which have previously been shown to cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute pancreatitis could be induced by heparan sulphate (HS)infused into the pancreatic ducts in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrograde biliary-pancreatic infusion of heparan sulphate of different structures, taurodeoxycholate (TDC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was performed. Local pancreatic inflammation was evaluated after 6 h by means of morphological evaluation, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and levels of plasma amylase. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma IL-6, MCP-1 and CINC-1 concentrations. RESULTS: Heparan sulphate induced a local inflammatory response visualized as a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the pancreas. Heparan sulphate induced inflammation and oedema without causing damage to acinar cells, as measured by morphological changes and plasma amylase concentrations. Furthermore, an increase in serum concentrations of CINC-1 and IL-6 was seen. The positive control (TDC) had increased levels of all variables analysed and the negative control (heparan sulphate administered intraperitoneally) was without effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a receptor-mediated innate immune response of the pancreatic cells induced by heparan sulphate. This finding may be helpful in elucidating some of the mechanisms involved during the initiation of pancreatitis, as well as in the search for a potential future therapeutic application.
|
|
| 2. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal bacteria and permeability during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Annals of Gastroenterology. - 1108-7471. ; 19:3, s. 276-284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increase in intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation has been demonstrated in critical illness. Cellulose derivatives have in the past been shown to reduce gut leakage following liver resection. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in microbial counts in experimental acute pancreatitis and the effect of pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives and N-acetyl cysteine. Subjects: 92 male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal taurodeoxycholic acid infusion. Animals received oral pretreatment and were randomized to either sham operation or the pancreatitis groups, with or without pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives, the antioxidant or their combinations. Intestinal bacterial populations and permeability were evaluated using bacterial counts and Ussing chamber, respectively. Results: The number of E. coli increased in the luminal content and ileal and colonic mucosa, but levels were restored to almost those seen in controls in all pre-treatment groups except for N-acetyl cysteine. When intestinal permeability was measured, none of the treatment groups showed significant differences compared to challenge, except for Nacetyl cysteine, which significantly increased permeability. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives was more efficient against disturbances in intestinal permeability and microbial populations than the antioxidant Nacetyl cysteine.
|
|
| 3. |
- Donaldson, J, et al.
(författare)
-
The effectiveness of enzymatic replacement therapy measured by turbidimetry and the lipaemic index in exocrine pancreatic insufficient young, growing pigs, fed a high-fat diet.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Advances in Medical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1896-1126 .- 1898-4002. ; 54:1, s. 7-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Conventionally, the management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) involves the consumption of a specific diet as well as the replacement of pancreatic enzymes, the effectiveness of which is usually measured by a classical method of blood analyses of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides (TG). Dietary supplementation with a pancreatic enzyme preparation (PEP), in conjunction with a high-fat diet, on growth performance, digestibility and absorption (analysed using turbidimetry) of dietary fat in pigs with EPI was investigated.Materials/Methods: EPI was developed by surgical ligation of the pancreatic duct of six male pigs, 6 weeks of age. The pigs were fed a high fat diet (twice daily). A PEP containing 1800 mg entero-coated pancreatin was included in the high fat meals. Blood, urine and faecal samples were collected. The urine and faeces were analysed for dry matter, crude protein and fat content. The lipaemic index and plasma lipid profiles were assessed.Results: EPI completely stopped growth of the pigs. Treatment with PEP significantly increased (P<0.05) growth and body mass as well as the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. PEP significantly improved the co-efficient of fat absorption, the lipaemic index (measured by turbidimetry methods) and caused significant changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations.Conclusions: The short term enzymatic replacement therapy together with a high fat meal has immediate beneficial effects on diet digestibility and on the growth retardation observed in EPI pigs. The turbidimetry method used to measure lipaemic index is a reliable, quick and efficient technique in measuring plasma lipid profiles and thus a good tool for assessing fat absorption.
|
|
| 4. |
- Elbrond, V. S., et al.
(författare)
-
The early postnatal pattern of vesicle formation in different regions of the porcine small intestine
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413. ; 108:1-3, s. 142-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the early postnatal period, the permeability of the piglet small intestine is high to compensate for the absence of trans-placental transfer of immunoglobulins during the fetal period. Vesicles, which mainly reflect the uptake of macromolecules and other colostral/ milk components, were studied in three different regions of the small intestine - proximal, mid and distal - in a total of twelve piglets on day 0 (unsuckled and colostrums-fed), 2 and 6 (all suckled). Tissues were sampled and prepared for light microscopy (paraffin and cryo) and trans-electron microscopy. Different methods were applied to visualize cytoplasmatic subcellular components such as fat (Oil red O) and carbohydrates (PAS). Appearance and morphology of the epithelial vesicles were compared. In the proximal region several small supranuclear and a single large subnuclear electron dense, eosinophilic and PAS+ vesicle were present. They disappeared after 2 days (gut closure) and on day 6 adult-looking epithelial cells were present. In the distal region of day 0 pigs digestion vesicles/flocculent vesicles were observed in the cytoplasma. The vesicles appeared empty but with eosinophilic, PAS+ and electron dense precipitations. The size and variation of these vesicles increased with age. Fat absorption increased markedly from day 2 to day 6. The observations indicate that in general colostral absorption processes are initiated prenatally, persist after birth and in the distal region also after gut closure. Fat absorption increased after gut closure, and in the distal region the increase correlated with e.g. IgG absorption. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
- Evilevitch, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Three-Day Enteral Exposure to a Red Kidney Bean Lectin Preparation Enhances the Pancreatic Response to CCK Stimulation in Suckling Pigs.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 87:1, s. 20-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A reason for the digestive problems that often occur around early weaning in piglets could be that the pancreas is not yet fully developed and the enzymes required for degradation of the solid food are not secreted in enough amounts. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of inducing pancreas maturation with enhanced enzyme secretion. Methods: 10-day-old suckling pigs were gavage fed with a red kidney bean lectin preparation for 3 days, and the pancreatic response to intravenous infusion of CCK-33 was measured in the anaesthetized animals fitted with pancreatic duct catheters. Results: The pancreatic fluid secretion, protein output, and the trypsin and amylase outputs were significantly increased in response to CCK stimulation after the lectin treatment, as compared to those of the control littermates (p le 0.05). In addition, the plasma insulin basal levels and those observed during CCK-33 stimulation were lower in the lectin-treated piglets. Conclusion: The results suggested that the lectin treatment led to an increase in the capacity for pancreatic enzyme secretion in the suckling piglets. An enhanced pancreatic function might help to ameliorate the problems that may appear in modern pig production which are associated with weaning.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fedkiv, Olexandr, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth is dependent on the exocrine pancreas function in young weaners but not in growing-finishing pigs
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. - 0867-5910. ; 60:Suppl. 3, s. 55-59
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A correlation between the exocrine pancreatic function and growth has been previously demonstrated in growing pigs but the data are inconsistent. This was investigated by studying the growth performance of pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) at different ages and maintained under similar conditions. Twelve 7 week old (10.5 +/- 1.3 kg) weaners, and twelve 16 week old (43 +/- 5 kg) growing-finishing pigs were used in the experiments, and 6 pigs from each group were operated and pancreatic duct-ligated. Starting at 3-5 weeks after the operation, when EPI had developed, weekly recordings of feed consumption and growth were done before, during and after feed supplementation with porcine pancreatin (Creon (R) 10000). In weaner pigs, EPI caused growth arrest while it did not affect the growth of older pigs, as compared to respective un-operated groups of pigs. The daily feed consumption (DFC) was lower in the weaner EPI-pigs while it was similar in the growing-finishing EPI-pigs, as compared to un-operated pigs. Feed supplementation with Creon (R) improved the DFC and growth in both the EPI and un-operated pigs. In conclusion, the results showed the importance of the exocrine pancreatic function for growth in weaner pigs, while in older animals it played a minor role in growth. Feed supplementation with pancreatin increased the appetite and ensured an improved feed conversion.
|
|
| 7. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Age-related Effects of the Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on Gastrointestinal Function in Suckling Rats
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 53:664-671, s. 664-671
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of a probiotic bacterium on gut function was studied in neonatal animals by using a model with suckling rats. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) or saline (controls) was fed (3.0 x 10(6) CFU/g b.wt per day) for one week to rats aged either 3, 7 or 14 days, after which bacterial colonization, gut growth, and functional parameters were analyzed. In rats fed with Lp299v from 3 to 10 days of age, an increase in ceacal lactobacilli was correlated with reduced intestinal macromolecular permeability and increased mucosal protein compared to age-matched controls. Pups treated from 7 to 14 days of age showed a decrease in pancreas weight and protein content, whereas pups treated from 14 to 21 days of age showed little effect of the Lp299v treatment. The results indicated that the bacterial exposure affected the gut function, where the effects were age-related and the youngest rats appeared most sensitive.
|
|
| 8. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Gastric ghrelin cell development is hampered and plasma ghrelin is reduced by delayed weaning in rats
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 1479-6805 .- 0022-0795. ; 192:2, s. 345-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The duration of breastfeeding has attracted much interest, as a prolonged period of breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the risk of developing obesity. The mechanism behind the reduced risk is, however, poorly understood. The novel hormone ghrelin augments appetite, promotes body. weight increase and increases adiposity. The majority of circulating ghrelin emanates from endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach. In newborn humans and rodents, the number of ghrelin cells is low after birth until weaning, when the cell population is greatly expanded. To date, information about the influence of weaning perturbations on ghrelin cell development is scarce. Therefore, we studied the effect of delayed weaning on gastric ghrelin expression and plasma ghrelin concentration. To this end, special food separator cages were used to prevent the pups from eating solid food, forcing them to drink milk up to 21 days of age. Gastric ghrelin expression was examined by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation, and plasma concentrations were assessed by RIA. Our data showed that gastric ghrelin expression and plasma ghrelin concentration are maintained at a lower level by delayed weaning. We also found that the relation between gastric ghrelin expression and body weight was altered by delayed weaning. Thus, control rats displayed a positive correlation between ghrelin expression and body weight, while no such correlation was evident in animals with delayed weaning. We conclude that delayed weaning exerts a negative influence on ghrelin expression, and that the onset of solid food intake may trigger normal ghrelin expression. Therefore, we suggest that ghrelin may constitute a hormonal link between the duration of breastfeeding and body weight development.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial manipulation of the rat dam changes bacterial colonization and alters properties of the gut in her offspring.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 294, s. 148-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of an altered bacterial colonization on gut development has not been thoroughly studied, despite the increased risk of certain diseases with a disturbed microbiota after birth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial manipulation, i.e. antibiotic treatment or Escherichia coli (E. coli) exposure, of the dam on bacterial colonization and gut development in the offspring. Pregnant rats were administered either broad-spectrum antibiotics three days prior to parturition, or live non-pathogenic E. coli CCUG 29300T one week before parturition and up to 14 days of lactation in the drinking water. Caecal bacterial levels, gut growth, intestinal permeability, digestive enzyme levels and intestinal inflammation were studied in two-week old rats. Pups from dams that were antibiotic-treated had higher densities of Enterobacteriaceae which correlated with a decreased stomach growth and function, lower pancreatic protein levels, higher intestinal permeability and increased plasma levels of the acute phase protein, haptoglobin, compared with pups from untreated mothers. Exposure of pregnant/lactating mothers to E. coli CCUG 29300T, also resulting in increased Enterobacteriaceae levels, gave in the offspring similar results on the stomach and an increased small intestinal growth as compared to the control pups. Furthermore, E. coli pups showed increased mucosal disaccharidase activities, increased liver, spleen and adrenal weights, as well as increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin. These findings indicate that disturbing the normal bacterial colonization after birth, by increasing the densities of caecal Enterobacteriaceae, appear to have lasting effects on the postnatal microflora which affects gut growth and function.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
