| 1. |
- Ederle, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 375:9719, s. 985-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006), Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). Interpretation Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery.
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| 2. |
- Cooper, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Information Assurance (IA) Curricular Guidelines
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 ITiCSE Working Group Reports (ITiCSE-WGR’10). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 49-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information assurance and information security are serious worldwide concerns. Computer security is one of the three new focal areas of the ACM/IEEE’s Computer Science Curriculum update in 2008. This ACM/IEEE report describes, as the first of its three recent trends, “the emergence of security as a major area of concern.” [3] The purpose of this working group report is to continue the work of the 2009 working group on information assurance (IA) education. The focus of the 2010 working group is to examine the curricula of existing academic programs, as well as at the key academic governmental and industry IA education standards and guidelines identified by the 2009 IA working group in order to begin defining the IA education space as a first step towards developing curricular guidelines.
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| 3. |
- Pérez, Lance C., et al.
(författare)
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Information Assurance Education in Two- and Four-Year Institutions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2011 ITiCSE Working Group Reports (ITiCSE-WGR’11). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 39-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2011 ITiCSE working group on information assurance (IA) education examined undergraduate curricula at the two- and four-year levels, both within and outside the United States (US). A broad set of two-year IA degree programs were examined in order to get a sense of similarities and differences between them. A broad set of four-year IA degree programs were also examined to explore their similarities and differences. A comparison between the two-year and four-year degree programs revealed that the common challenge of articulation between two- and four-year programs exists in IA as well. The challenge of articulation was explored in some depth in order to understand what remedies might be available. Finally, a number of IA programs at international institutions were examined in order to gain insight into differences between US and non-US IA programs.
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| 4. |
- Usmani, Shariq M., et al.
(författare)
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Direct visualization of HIV-enhancing endogenous amyloid fibrils in human semen
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 5, s. 3508-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Naturally occurring fragments of the abundant semen proteins prostatic acid phosphatase ( PAP) and semenogelins form amyloid fibrils in vitro. These fibrils boost HIV infection and may play a key role in the spread of the AIDS pandemic. However, the presence of amyloid fibrils in semen remained to be demonstrated. Here, we use state of the art confocal and electron microscopy techniques for direct imaging of amyloid fibrils in human ejaculates. We detect amyloid aggregates in all semen samples and find that they partially consist of PAP fragments, interact with HIV particles and increase viral infectivity. Our results establish semen as a body fluid that naturally contains amyloid fibrils that are exploited by HIV to promote its sexual transmission.
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| 5. |
- Wilhelm, MT, et al.
(författare)
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Isoform-specific p73 knockout mice reveal a novel role for delta Np73 in the DNA damage response pathway
- 2010
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Ingår i: Genes & development. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1549-5477 .- 0890-9369. ; 24:6, s. 549-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mice with a complete deficiency of p73 have severe neurological and immunological defects due to the absence of all TAp73 and ΔNp73 isoforms. As part of our ongoing program to distinguish the biological functions of these isoforms, we generated mice that are selectively deficient for the ΔNp73 isoform. Mice lacking ΔNp73 (ΔNp73−/− mice) are viable and fertile but display signs of neurodegeneration. Cells from ΔNp73−/− mice are sensitized to DNA-damaging agents and show an increase in p53-dependent apoptosis. When analyzing the DNA damage response (DDR) in ΔNp73−/− cells, we discovered a completely new role for ΔNp73 in inhibiting the molecular signal emanating from a DNA break to the DDR pathway. We found that ΔNp73 localizes directly to the site of DNA damage, can interact with the DNA damage sensor protein 53BP1, and inhibits ATM activation and subsequent p53 phosphorylation. This novel finding may explain why human tumors with high levels of ΔNp73 expression show enhanced resistance to chemotherapy.
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