| 1. |
- Bocken, Nancy, et al.
(författare)
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A review and evaluation of circular business model innovation tools
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy has been heralded as a potential driver for sustainable development by business, academia, and policymakers. In a future circular economy, new business models are needed that slow, close and narrow resource loops to address key resource and climate challenges. After a phase of excitement and inspiration, an operationalization phase needs to start to ensure the best possible implementation and transition towards a circular economy. This operationalization phase will involve the development of products, processes and business models that significantly lower the negative impact on the environment, reduce waste and resource pressures and, rather, create a positive impact on society and environment. This paper focuses on the circular business model lens as a comprehensive way of addressing business innovation. Within this evolving circular economy operationalization phase, several tools, approaches and methods are emerging that could support circular business model innovation. This paper seeks to create a comprehensive tools overview through a literature and practice review. It provides structure to the emerging range of tools, methods and approaches, and, based on this, a guideline for future tool development. Finally, it gives an overview of opportunities and gaps as well as a future agenda for research and practice.
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| 2. |
- Gulick, Sean, P.S., et al.
(författare)
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The first day of the Cenozoic
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : US National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116, s. 19342-19351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly expanded Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary section from the Chicxulub peak ring, recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) –International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, provides an unprecedented window into the immediate aftermath of the impact. Site M0077 includes ∼130 m of impact melt rock and suevite deposited the first day of the Cenozoic covered by <1 m of micrite-rich carbonate deposite over subsequent weeks to years. We present an interpreted series of events based on analyses of these drill cores. Within minutes of the impact, centrally uplifted basement rock collapsed outward to forma peak ring capped in melt rock. Within tens of minutes, the peak ring was covered in ∼40 m of brecciated impact melt rock and coarsegrained suevite, including clasts possibly generated by melt–water interactions during ocean resurge. Within an hour, resurge crested the peak ring, depositing a 10-m-thick layer of suevite with increased particle roundness and sorting. Within hours, the full resurge deposit formed through settling and seiches, resulting in an 80-m-thick fining-upward, sorted suevite in the flooded crater. Within a day, the reflected rim-wave tsunami reached the crater, depositing a cross-bedded sand-to-fine gravel layer enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons overlain by charcoal fragments. Generation of a deep crater open to the ocean allowed rapid flooding and sediment accumulation rates among the highest known in the geologic record. The high-resolution section provides insight into the impact environmental effects, including charcoal as evidence for impactinduced wildfires and a paucity of sulfur-rich evaporites from the target supporting rapid global cooling and darkness as extinction mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Milios, Leonidas, et al.
(författare)
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Sailing towards a circular economy: conditions for increased reuse and remanufacturing in the Scandinavian maritime sector
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 225, s. 227-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a Circular Economy (CE) requires enabling conditions that remove existing barriers in product life extension and material recovery operations. This contribution investigates barriers to material resource efficiency strategies in the maritime sector in Scandinavia and discusses the potential of policy interventions to enable increased reuse and remanufacturing of ship components. Recycling is a widespread practice in the maritime industry; however, ship demolition is usually associated with poor health and safety conditions for workers and adverse effects on the environment. According to CE principles, recycling is not the most favourable option for end-of-life products. Operations such as reuse and remanufacturing can be used to prolong the lifetime of marine equipment and delay the inevitable stage of recycling, thus contributing to significant material resource savings and value savings in the form of labour and energy. Yet, reuse and remanufacturing rates in the maritime sector are low compared to other sectors such as aviation and automotive. To identify the reasons behind this, interviews with stakeholders in the maritime sector revealed the main barriers for adopting reuse and remanufacturing strategies. These include (1) high costs that prohibit the uptake of reused and remanufactured components; (2) a lacking and inconsistent policy framework; and (3) the absence of organisational competences to facilitate reuse. To help overcome these barriers, a set of policies is discussed and their acceptance within the industry is examined. Potential policy interventions include (1) lower labour taxation; (2) enhancing waste infrastructure that distinguishes collection for reuse; and (3) mandating information and standardisation procedures.
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| 4. |
- Mont, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable innovation in business models: celebrated but not interrogated
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Sustainable Innovation. - 9781788112574 - 9781788112567 ; , s. 124-140
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter contributes to literature on sustainable innovation by critically engaging with the concept of sustainable innovation in business models. Four types of models purported to contribute to sustainability are explored: circular business models, product–service systems, business models for collaborative consumption, and business models for collaborative production. First, we evaluate each model according to the framework of value proposition, value creation and value capture. Second, we investigate how each model addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability differently. Third, we study the different forms of innovation these business models rely on for their success, by following the classification of innovation that distinguishes between technological (product and process), organizational (management systems at a company, value chain or value network level), and societal innovation (change of lifestyles, consumer behaviour and consumption patterns). We end the chapter by outlining future research directions for studying sustainable innovation in these business models.
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| 5. |
- Nußholz, Julia L.K., et al.
(författare)
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Financial assessment of reusing materials in buildings : Comparing financial potential of wood, concrete, and glass reuse
- 2019
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Ingår i: SBE19 Brussels - BAMB-CIRCPATH "Buildings as Material Banks - A Pathway For A Circular Future". - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 225
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buildings are responsible for a third of global greenhouse gas emissions, with much of their life cycle impacts resulting from embodied impacts of building materials. One solution to reduce embodied emissions is to use of secondary materials such as by-products and waste materials for producing building materials (in this study referred to as reuse solutions). While this is reported to have positive environmental and economic impact, many financial barriers to economic application remain, centering on labor-intensive recovery processes, low end-of life value, fluctuating material volumes and qualities. This paper aims to advance understanding of the financial potential to reuse different end-of-life materials for building materials by presenting a cost structure analysis of three reuse solutions developed by a Scandinavian case company for wood, glass, and concrete. Findings indicate that profit margins differ considerably by material stream and application. Expenditure for production processes (i.e. cutting wood to planks, assembling glass into windows, mixing aggregates to new concrete) was a significant cost driver in all three reuse solutions. Costs for purchasing end-of-life materials also differed significantly in each case, reflecting the differences in residual value of each material stream. Future research is needed to expand the financial assessment to consider the upscale potential and effect of economies of scale for each case. In addition, we suggest to investigate other dimensions of value such as economic aspects (e.g. job creation and societal costs savings from environmental impacts), as well as the environmental improvement to advance understanding of the relevance of material reuse for buildings.
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| 6. |
- Whalen, Katherine A.
(författare)
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Three circular business models that extend product value and their contribution to resource efficiency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 226, s. 1128-1137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular business models aim to preserve the value of material resources in society by slowing and closing resource flows. Various models have been identified, including the Extending Product Value business model, which plays a role in extending product lifetimes by reversing product obsolescence. However, the characteristics of these business models and their associated environmental consequences have remained largely unexplored in research. This paper aims to address this gap by analysing three types of Extending Product Value business models and reflecting on their resource efficiency contributions. A framework, developed from an analysis of 56 firms, is used to facilitate this reflection. The framework considers the level of interaction between the product and firm and introduces three Extending Product Value business model archetypes: Facilitators, Redistributors, and Doers. The analysis suggests that different environmental impacts are relevant for each type of firm, and the higher the firm-product interaction, the greater the resource efficiency potential of the business model. The paper also suggests characteristics that should be considered if such business models are to contribute to a more resource-efficient circular economy. The findings are relevant for a variety of actors interested in the circular economy, including researchers assessing the resource efficiency of business models, firms interested in developing new resource-efficient business models or increasing the resource efficiency of existing ones, and policymakers promoting the adoption of circular business models.
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| 7. |
- Whalen, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Economy Policy at a Crossroads: Encouraging Durable Products or Enabling Faster Cycling of Short-lived Products?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Product Lifetimes and the Environment 2019 Conference Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-ownership models, where firms rather than consumers remain product owners, are advocated as a way for firms to prolong product lifetimes and contribute to a more Circular Economy. However, it has been suggested that such models could actually encourage ‘faster cycling’, meaning earlier product replacement and shorter product lifetimes. Within recent policy discussions, product durability to prolong product lifetimes has become a key focal point. This paper focuses on how policy can encourage product durability and prolonged life for products distributed through non-ownership models. The paper explores the relationship between policy related to product lifetimes and nonownership models through a review of existing and proposed policy for two product categories: mobile phones and office furniture. The results suggest there is a gap in policy regarding non-ownership models. While existing policies may address some concerns of faster cycling, additional policy propositions from the European Commission should be considered. In particular, while relevant policies related to either studied product group are identified, the policies with most potential come from outside the existing legislative framework on eco-design and resource efficiency measures. Thus, the findings are not only useful for academics and policymakers in the field of Circular Economy and circular business models, but also to practitioners working in firms where these policy frameworks are relevant.
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| 8. |
- Whalen, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Game-Based Approaches to Sustainable Innovation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Innovation for Sustainability.. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2662-1339 .- 2662-1320. - 9783319973852 - 9783319973845 ; , s. 375-392
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, Whalen and Kijne critically engage with two game-based approaches—serious games and gamification—and how they can be used to support sustainable innovation. Game-based approaches have been increasingly used for purposes beyond pure entertainment, and a variety of examples from within the field of sustainability are presented. The authors discuss both the benefits and limitations of game-based approaches. Games are well suited to sustainable innovation as they can increase user motivation and illustrate complexity in relatively simple ways. However, factors such as assessment can pose a challenge and make their actual impact difficult to quantify.
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