| 1. |
- Kirsebom, O. S., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the 2+→0+ ground-state transition in the β decay of F 20
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 100:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first detection of the second-forbidden, nonunique, 2+→0+, ground-state transition in the β decay of F20. A low-energy, mass-separated F+20 beam produced at the IGISOL facility in Jyväskylä, Finland, was implanted in a thin carbon foil and the β spectrum measured using a magnetic transporter and a plastic-scintillator detector. The β-decay branching ratio inferred from the measurement is bβ=[0.41±0.08(stat)±0.07(sys)]×10-5 corresponding to logft=10.89(11), making this one of the strongest second-forbidden, nonunique β transitions ever measured. The experimental result is supported by shell-model calculations and has significant implications for the final evolution of stars that develop degenerate oxygen-neon cores. Using the new experimental data, we argue that the astrophysical electron-capture rate on Ne20 is now known to within better than 25% at the relevant temperatures and densities.
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| 2. |
- Kollreider, Klaus, 1980
(författare)
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Evidence for "liveness" in face biometrics
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aliveness or "liveness" detection is a novel but crucial topic in biometrics. In this study we will investigate it for face biometrics. The problem is given by the real-time requirements of such a system to be able to avert advanced spoofing attempts, e.g. by photographs or replayed videos via a mobile device presented tothe face authentication automat by the spoofer. We have been developing efficient methods for object detection and motion analysis/tracking, which we have integrated into effective anti-spoofing measures, focusing on I: Mouth movements, II: Eye-blinking and, III: 3D properties of a real face (head). A multiexpert approach - being designed to avert known and novel attacks - that accumulates evidence for "liveness" during a short time is suggested.This thesis is grouped into three main parts (besides the introduction), which also represent its main contributions: Part one revisits a landmark-based object detection method, after which it introduces a holistic object detection method that employs illumination invariant features, termed "quangles" (quantized anglefeatures). By using the latter a histogram-related image preprocessing becomes obsolete, and also the training of the according classifier excels in rapidness. These detectors are employed for the (scale invariant) detection of faces andlocalization of interesting regions within them. In part two we introduce the OFL - Optical Flow of Lines - which, by evaluating only "motion of lines" represents an efficient algorithm for motion estimation being particularly appropriate here. It is employed to retrieve local measurements, on the one hand for steering the tracking, and on the other hand for "liveness" detection purposes, e.g. for detecting eye-blinking. This and other anti-spoofing measures are detailed in the third part of this thesis that is devoted to "liveness" detection in face biometrics. We have been using both several public databases (e.g. CMU-MITfrontal face test set, XM2VTS database, SOFA test sequences) andlaboratory data (spoofing equipment) for the experiments.
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| 3. |
- Lundsten, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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p53-Mediated Radiosensitization of 177Lu-DOTATATE in Neuroblastoma Tumor Spheroids
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- p53 is involved in DNA damage response and is an exciting target for radiosensitization in cancer. Targeted radionuclide therapy against somatostatin receptors with 177Lu-DOTATATE is currently being explored as a treatment for neuroblastoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the novel p53-stabilizing peptide VIP116 in neuroblastoma, both as monotherapy and together with 177Lu-DOTATATE. Five neuroblastoma cell lines, including two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines, were characterized in monolayer cultures. Four out of five were positive for 177Lu-DOTATATE uptake. IC50 values after VIP116 treatments correlated with p53 status, ranging between 2.8–238.2 μM. IMR-32 and PDX lines LU-NB-1 and LU-NB-2 were then cultured as multicellular tumor spheroids and treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE and/or VIP116. Spheroid growth was inhibited in all spheroid models for all treatment modalities. The most pronounced effects were observed for combination treatments, mediating synergistic effects in the IMR-32 model. VIP116 and combination treatment increased p53 levels with subsequent induction of p21, Bax and cleaved caspase 3. Combination treatment resulted in a 14-fold and 1.6-fold induction of MDM2 in LU-NB-2 and IMR-32 spheroids, respectively. This, together with differential MYCN signaling, may explain the varying degree of synergy. In conclusion, VIP116 inhibited neuroblastoma cell growth, potentiated 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment and could, therefore, be a feasible treatment option for neuroblastoma.
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| 4. |
- Lundström, Ragnar, 1975-
(författare)
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Going green - turning labor : a qualitative analysis of the approaches of Union officials Working with environmental issues in Sweden and the United Kingdom
- 2017
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Ingår i: Labor Studies Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0160-449X. ; 42:3, s. 180-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What conditions shape the introduction of climate change issues into trade union organizations? This article analyzes life-history interviews with two union organization leaders working with climate issues—one in Sweden and one in the United Kingdom—discussing how their individual backgrounds, as well as the different organizational and national contexts in which they work, create different conditions and strategies for developing an environmental union agenda. The analysis discusses how the strategies of the Scandinavian leader focus on policy development, and compares this with how the U.K. union leader focuses primarily on the interests of, and conflicts with, members when integrating climate change in their respective organizations.
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| 5. |
- Al-Mashhadi, Ammar, et al.
(författare)
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Changes of arterial pressure following relief of obstruction in adults with hydronephrosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 123:4, s. 216-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As much as 20% of all cases of hypertension are associated with kidney malfunctions. We have previously demonstrated in animals and in pediatric patients that hydronephrosis causes hypertension, which was attenuated by surgical relief of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate: (1) the proposed link between hydronephrosis, due to UPJ obstruction, and elevated arterial pressure in adults; and (2) if elevated blood pressure in patients with hydronephrosis might be another indication for surgery.Materials and methods: Medical records of 212 patients undergoing surgical management of hydronephrosis, due to UPJ obstruction, between 2000 and 2016 were assessed. After excluding patients with confounding conditions and treatments, paired arterial pressures (i.e. before/after surgery) were compared in 49 patients (35 years old; 95% CI 29–39). Split renal function was evaluated by using mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renography before surgical management of the hydronephrotic kidney.Results: Systolic (−11 mmHg; 95% CI 6–15 mmHg), diastolic (−8 mmHg; 95% CI 4–11 mmHg), and mean arterial (-9 mmHg; 95% CI 6–12) pressures were significantly reduced after relief of the obstruction (p < 0.001). Split renal function of the hydronephrotic kidney was 39% (95% CI 37–41). No correlations were found between MAG3 and blood pressure level before surgery or between MAG3 and the reduction of blood pressure after surgical management of the UPJ obstruction.Conclusions: In adults with hydronephrosis, blood pressure was reduced following relief of the obstruction. Our findings suggest that elevated arterial pressure should be taken into account as an indication to surgically correct hydronephrosis.
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| 6. |
- ALAHELISTEN, A
(författare)
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ABRASION OF HOT FLAME-DEPOSITED DIAMOND COATINGS
- 1995
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Ingår i: WEAR. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE. - 0043-1648. ; 185:1-2, s. 213-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diamond coatings were deposited on cemented carbide rock drilling bits using the hot flame method. The samples were tested in sliding contact with SiC, Al2O3, and flint abrasive papers. The coating wear and failure mechanisms were investigated using light
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| 7. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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DNA-methylation of the cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR is associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 39:7, s. 869-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known carcinogens and workplace PAH exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Monitoring early cancer-related changes can indicate whether the exposure is carcinogenic. Here, we enrolled 151 chimney sweeps, 152 controls, and 19 creosote-exposed male workers from Sweden. We measured urinary PAH metabolites using LC/MS/MS, the cancer-related markers telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) using qPCR, and DNA methylation of lung cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR using pyrosequencing. The median 1-hydroxypyrene (PAH metabolite) concentrations were highest in creosote-exposed workers (8.0 μg/g creatinine) followed by chimney sweeps (0.34 μg/g creatinine) and controls (0.05 μg/g creatinine). TL and mtDNAcn did not differ between study groups. Chimney sweeps and creosote-exposed workers had significantly lower methylation of AHRR CpG site cg05575921 (88.1% and 84.9%, respectively) than controls (90%). Creosote-exposed workers (73.3%), but not chimney sweeps (76.6%) had lower methylation of F2RL3 cg03636183 than controls (76.7%). Linear regression analyses showed that chimney sweeps had lower AHRR cg05575921 methylation (B=-2.04; P<0.057, adjusted for smoking and age) and lower average AHRR methylation (B=-2.05; P<0.035), and non-smoking chimney sweeps had lower average F2RL3 methylation (B=-0.81; P<0.042, adjusted for age) compared with controls. These cancer-related markers were not associated with urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites. In conclusion, although we found no associations with PAH metabolites in urine (short-term exposure), our results suggest dose-response relationship between PAH exposure and DNA hypomethylation of lung cancer-related loci. These findings indicate that further protective measures should be taken to reduce PAH exposure.
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| 8. |
- Arthurson, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence and spread of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden in soil and on spinach plants
- 2011
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0378-1097 .- 1574-6968. ; 314, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are related to the consumption of raw produce contaminated by animal manure. The majority of these outbreaks have been linked to Salmonella spp. We examined the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden to persist and survive in manure and soil as well as disseminate to, and persist on, spinach roots and leaves. Significantly higher numbers of S. Weltevreden inoculated into manure and applied to soil before planting spinach were found in soil than in pot cultures, where the pathogen had been inoculated directly into soil 14 days postplanting. Moreover, the pathogen seemed to disperse from manure to spinach roots, as we observed a continuous increase in the number of contaminated replicate pot cultures throughout the evaluation period. We also found that, in some cases, S. Weltevreden present in the phyllosphere had the ability to persist for the entire evaluation period (21 days), with only slight reductions in cell numbers. The results from the present study show that S. Weltevreden is capable of persisting in soil, roots and shoots for prolonged periods, indicating the importance of strict monitoring of untreated animal manure before considering its application to agricultural land.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergqvist, Ewa, Docent, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' interpretations of the concept of problem - a link between written and intended reform curriculum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 44th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. - Khon Kaen, Thailand : PME. ; , s. 19-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades, there has been an on-going international reform for school mathematics, which has, not surprisingly, been difficult to implement. This study focuses on teachers’ interpretation of formal written curriculum documents, especially whether their interpretations align with how a concept (the concept of problem) is conveyed in the documents (in Sweden). The results show that the formal written documents are vague, but that it to some extent conveys the concept of problem as “a task for which the solution method is not known in advance to the solver.” The interviews show that about 53 % of the teachers interpreted problem as “any task,” and that teachers’ interpretationstherefore are not aligned with how the concept is (albeit vaguely) conveyed in the documents.
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