| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Intersectional perspectives on post-school occupation among young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 60:7-8, s. 771-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study explores and analyses, from an intersectional perspective, the association between parents’ country of birth as well as their level of education and their children's type of occupation after graduating from Swedish upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities (ID).Method: This is a quantitative study based on three registers (HURPID, LSS, LISA). The analyses are based on logistic regression, interaction analysis and chi-square tests. The sample size was 12,269.Results: Children of less-educated parents tend to have paid employment and children of highly educated parents tend to participate in disability day programs. Parents’ country of birth and level of education affect the former pupils’ post-school occupation in different ways. The association between parents’ country of birth and former pupils’ occupation is modified by parents’ level of education. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness of different background conditions among children graduating from upper secondary school for pupils with ID need to increase.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Post-school destination : A study of women and men with intellectual disabilities and the gender-segregated Swedish labor market
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 13:3, s. 217-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about people with intellectual disability (ID) and their connections to the labor market is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the entry into and representation in the Swedish labor market for people with ID, discussed with a special focus on the gender perspective. This study included 2,745 individuals (30% women and 70% men) who graduated from Swedish upper secondary schools for pupils with intellectual disability (USSID) in the 2000s, and who were defined as employees in 2011. Graduation data from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed in relation to employment data from 2011 and adjusted for gender, graduation year, and educational program. Results show that men who attended a national USSID program and graduated between 2001 and 2006 were the most likely group to have a job. The authors conclude that the gender differences in the Swedish labor market are more clearly pronounced among women and men with ID in relation to employment rate, wage levels, and professions than in the general population. Education, welfare-services, and interventions specifically targeted to meet the needs of people with ID have to develop in more gender-sensitive ways.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Post-school options for young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental. - Melbourne, Australia : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2329-7018 .- 2329-7026. ; 2:2, s. 180-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to examine life after school for young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. It identifies a snapshot of the post-school destination in 2011 of students of Swedish Upper Secondary Schools for Pupils with Intellectual Disability (Special Secondary Schools), who graduated between 2001 and 2011. This national registry study used personal identification numbers to link data for about 12,269 former students in the Halmstad University Register on Pupils with Intellectual Disability with data about labour market participation and service provision under the Swedish disability legislation (Swedish LSS Act, 1994, the Act Concerning Support and Service for Persons With Certain Functional Impairment). Results showed that the largest proportion (47%) of former students participated in disability day programs, known as “daily activities”; 22.4% were employed, most with some type of wage subsidy; and 6.6% participated in various types of further education programs. A sizeable group (24%) were described as being “elsewhere”, not engaged in employment, education, or disability day programs. The type of post-school occupation is associated with gender, the type of educational program undertaken at secondary school, and age. The authors found a high risk of young people with intellectual disabilities falling through safety-net welfare or post-school participation provisions. Even in a country such as Sweden, which has comprehensive post-school programs, almost a quarter of young adults with intellectual disabilities were socially excluded, without education, disability day programs, or employment.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Sysselsättning för unga vuxna med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning – boendegeografiska skillnader
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 0809-2052 .- 2464-3076. ; 19:3, s. 241-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I länder med starkt decentraliserat ansvar för välfärdstjänster kan skillnader mellan kommuner och regioner förväntas. I artikeln studeras om, och iså fall hur, efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning bland personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning varierar beroende på i vilken kommungrupp eller geografisk region de bor. Analyserna baseras på data från ett unikt register som inkluderar 12 269 avgångselever från gymnasiesärskolan i Sverige från åren 2001–2011.Resultaten visar att kommungrupp och region har en viss oberoende effekt på typ av efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning samt att andelen flyttningar överkommungränser som företas i studiepopulationen är få.Slutsatsen är att boendegeografiska variationer, som identifierats i andra delar av det svenska välfärdssystemet, också i viss utsträckning gäller efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning.
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| 5. |
- Bohlin, Margareta, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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University teacher and student judgments on misleading behavior in study situations
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study deals with teachers' and students' judgments of misleading (e.g. cheating or plagiarism) behaviors during examinations. The data was collected at a university in Sweden using a questionnaire presenting specific behaviors to bejudged. In total, 253 individuals completed the questionnaire. The teachers, incontrast to the students, tended to judge the behaviors presented as more serious. There was, however, plenty of variation in the judgments made by both teachers and students. Although the teachers, on average, tended to judge the behaviors as more serious, about 20% of the students were found to judge the behaviors as more serious than the average teacher. It was also found that about 20 % of the teachers judged the scenarios as less serious compared to the average student judgments. This indicates a lack of agreement among teachers and students on the definition of misleading behavior. Subjective opinions seem to play a more important role for judgment than having actual knowledge about the rules and regulations stating what misleading behaviors really are inacademic work.
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| 6. |
- Boman, Tomas
(författare)
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Situationen på den svenska arbetsmarknaden för personer med funktionsnedsättning : en sekundäranalys om sysselsättning, yrkesnivå, diskriminering, stöd och anpassning för personer med olika typer av funktionsnedsättning
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how the labour market situation appears to persons with different types of disabilities in Sweden. Study I (n=4 359) examined the importance of the person’s type of disability for the possibility of having a job. Study II (n=3 396) examined whether there were differences in occupational attainment between persons with different types of disabilities and between persons with and without a disability (n=19 004). Study III (n=4 359) examined perceived discrimination in the workplace among persons with different types of disabilities. Study IV (n=2 268) examined whatsupport and adaptation persons with different types of disabilities need in their actual workplace or to enter the labour market. In studies I–III the respondents were divided into six disability types, and in study IV the respondents were divided into four disability types.Overall, it can be concluded that a person’s type of disability is of importance for the situation in the labour market, where persons with psychological disabilities encounter barriers to a greater extent than other groups, both difficulties at the present workplace and difficulties entering the labour market. Further, they were subjected to discrimination and they expressed a great need for adaptations to acquire employment and at their actual workplace. It can also be concluded that there are discriminatory mechanisms against women, who have more difficulties than men in acquiring employment, and that men, despite lower education, can more easily progress in the labour market. It is suggested that, in order to achieve inclusion and recognition, factors in the environment, such as existing support systems, need to be changed and developed, and social prejudices vis-à-vis people with disabilities must also be addressed.
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| 7. |
- Båsjö, Sara, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing thresholds, tinnitus, and headphone listening habits in nine-year-old children
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 55:10, s. 587-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Investigate hearing function and headphone listening habits in nine-year-old Swedish children. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry, and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE). A questionnaire was used to evaluate headphone listening habits, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. Study sample: A total of 415 children aged nine years. Results: The prevalence of a hearing threshold20dB HL at one or several frequencies was 53%, and the hearing thresholds at 6 and 8kHz were higher than those at the low and mid frequencies. SOAEs were observed in 35% of the children, and the prevalence of tinnitus was 5.3%. No significant relationship between SOAE and tinnitus was found. Pure-tone audiometry showed poorer hearing thresholds in children with tinnitus and in children who regularly listened with headphones. Conclusion: The present study of hearing, listening habits, and tinnitus in nine-year old children is, to our knowledge, the largest study so far. The main findings were that hearing thresholds in the right ear were poorer in children who used headphones than in children not using them, which could be interpreted as headphone listening may have negative consequences to children's hearing. Children with tinnitus showed poorer hearing thresholds compared to children without tinnitus.
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| 8. |
- Hjaldahl, Jennie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Severe to profound hearing impairment : Factors associated with the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hearing, Balance and Communication. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 2169-5717 .- 2169-5725. ; 15:1, s. 6-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To determine whether various demographic variables are associated with hearing aid (HA) and cochlear implant (CI) use and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation among patients with severe to profound hearing loss (HL) and to compare the use of unilateral and bilateral HAs.Materials and Methods: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze general HA use, binaural HA use, CI use and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation. A total of 2297 adult patients from The Swedish Quality Register of Otorhinolaryngology with a PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) ≥70 dB HL in the better ear were included.Results: The degree of HL was associated with HA and CI use and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation. The patients with at least a college degree were more likely to use bilateral HAs, have a CI and participate in audiological rehabilitation compared to those with elementary school education. The sex distribution was evenly divided, but the men indicated a lower level of participation in extended audiological rehabilitation. No significant associations where found for sex and HA or CI use.Conclusions: The degree of HL was the strongest factor associated with the use of HAs, CI and extended audiological rehabilitation among the patients.
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| 9. |
- Hua, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptions of working life among employees with mild-moderate aided hearing impairment : A phenomenographic study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 54:11, s. 874-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim was to explore the conceptions of working life among employees with mild-moderate aided hearing impairment (HI).Design: This study has a descriptive design, in which data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed in accordance with the phenomenographic approach.Study sample: Fifteen participants with mild-moderate aided HI were recruited to the current study.Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in four main categories describing the participants’ conceptions of working life: (1) diffiiculties in daily work, (2) communication strategies, (3) facilitating factors in work environment, and (4) impact on daily life. The four identified descriptive categories show that the effects of HI on the lives of working adults generate far-reaching psychosocial consequences for the individual.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that difficulties and impact of having a HI interact with strategies used by the individual and contextual facilitators made in the work environment. We argue that there is a need for extensive services in aural rehabilitation for this population. This includes identifying the need of assistive listening devices, teaching the individual with HI about communication strategies and informing stakeholders about the consequence of having a HI.
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| 10. |
- Manchaiah, Vinaya, et al.
(författare)
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Social Representation of "Loud Music" in Young Adults : A Cross-Cultural Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of american academy of audiology. - Reston, VA, United States : American Academy of Audiology. - 1050-0545 .- 2157-3107. ; 28:6, s. 522-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to recreational noise, particularly music exposure, is considered one of the biggest public health hazards of our time. Some important influencing factors such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and cross-cultural perspectives have previously been found to be associated with attitudes toward loud music and the use of hearing protection. Although culture seems to play an important role, there is relatively little known about how it influences perceptions regarding loud music exposure in young adults.Purpose: The present study was aimed to explore cross-cultural perceptions of and reactions to loud music in young adults (18-25 yr) using the theory of social representations.Research Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design.Study Sample: The study sample included young adults (n = 534) from five different countries (India, Iran, Portugal, the United States, and the United Kingdom) who were recruited using convenience sampling.Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a content analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and also x(2) analysis.Results: Fairly equal numbers of positive and negative connotations (similar to 40%) were noted in all countries. However, the x(2) analysis showed significant differences between the countries (most positive connotations were found in India and Iran, whereas the most negative connotations were found in the United Kingdom and Portugal) regarding the informants' perception of loud music. The co-occurrence analysis results generally indicate that the category "negative emotions and actions" occurred most frequently, immediately followed by the category "positive emotions and actions." The other most frequently occurring categories included "acoustics," "physical aliment," "location," and "ear and hearing problems." These six categories formed the central nodes of the social representation of loud music exposure in the global index. Although some similarities and differences were noted among the social representations toward loud music among countries, it is noteworthy that more similarities than differences were noted among countries.Conclusions: The study results suggest that "loud music" is perceived to have both positive and negative aspects within society and culture. We suggest that the health promotion strategies should focus on changing societal norms and regulations to be more effective in decreasing the noise-and/or music induced auditory symptoms among young adults.
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