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- Alanko Blomé, M., et al.
(författare)
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Vaccination against hepatitis B virus among people who inject drugs – A 20 year experience from a Swedish needle exchange program
- 2017
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 35:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at particular risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) acquisition, but often have poor access or adherence to HBV vaccination. Vaccination against HBV has been offered at a major Swedish needle exchange program (NEP) since 1994. The aim of this study was to evaluate vaccine completion and response rates, and the effect of sequential booster doses to non-responders to the standard vaccination schedule. Methods PWID enrolled in the NEP 1994–2013, without serological markers for HBV at baseline (negative for HBsAg/anti-HBc/anti-HBs), were offered a three-dose standard intramuscular vaccination schedule (Engerix®-B, GSK, 20 μg/mL, intended to be received at months 0, 1 and 6). Vaccination response was defined as protective levels of anti-HBs (⩾10 mIU/mL). Up to three booster doses were then offered for non-responders, each followed by anti-HBs testing. Results HBV data was available for 2352 identifiable individuals at NEP enrolment, of whom 1516 (64.5%) had no markers for previous HBV exposure or vaccination. Vaccination was initiated for 1142 (75.3%) individuals and 898 (59.2%) completed the standard vaccination schedule. Post-vaccination anti-HBs levels were available from 800 individuals, with 598 (74.8%) responding to the basic vaccination schedule. After up to three booster doses a total of 676 (84.5%) individuals achieved protective anti-HBs levels. Non-response to vaccination was associated with higher age and anti-HCV positivity (p < 0.001). Eighteen incident cases of HBV infection were observed among vaccine non-responders, as well as 30 cases among those who had not completed vaccination. Conclusion We demonstrate the feasibility of including HBV vaccination in the services offered by a NEP, with completion of vaccination in a majority of HBV-susceptible PWID. The response to HBV vaccination among PWID was relatively low; however, the addition of up to three booster doses improved the response rate from 74.8 to 84.5%.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Fungerar konkurrensen på marknaden för slaktdjur?
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beror de minskade marknadsandelarna för svenskt gris-, kyckling- och nötkött till någon del på att den svenska marknaden för slaktdjur inte fungerar så bra som den kunde göra? I den här utredningen undersöker vi hur prisbildningen fungerar och hur affärsförhållandet mellan lantbrukare och slakteri ser ut. Vi kartlägger vi också strukturen i primärproduktionen och i slakterinäringen samt granskar slakteriföretagens lönsamhet. För att bättre kunna bedöma hur väl den svenska slaktdjursmarknaden fungerar görs även en internationell utblick.
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| 5. |
- Wallentin, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Översvämning! : Samhällets krisberedskap och förebyggande arbete när det gäller översvämningar som drabbar jordbrukssektorn
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällets krisberedskap och förebyggande arbete när det gäller översvämningar som drabbar jordbrukssektornNaturolyckor såsom översvämning, torka och skogsbrand kan få allvarliga konsekvenser för jordbrukssektorn och trädgårdsnäringen. För fisket och vattenbruket kan till exempel stormar orsaka problem. I ett framtida förändrat klimat kommer de extrema väderhändelserna att bli mer omfattande och frekventa. Detta innebär att samhället behöver öka sin förmåga att bedöma konsekvenserna av översvämningar för jordbrukssektorn i ett brett perspektiv och hur konsekvenserna av extrema väderhändelser, som till exempel översvämningar, ska hanteras. Jordbruksverket har därför under åren 2013-2015 drivit ett projekt - ”Ökad förmåga att hantera konsekvenser av allvarliga väderhändelser - översvämningar som modell” - som finansierats av Jordbruksverket och Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB). Denna rapport sammanfattar resultat och slutsatser från projektet.
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| 6. |
- Widell, Lars M, 1964-
(författare)
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Essays in International Trade : Measurement, Product Quality, Input-Output Modelling and Tax Evasion
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four independent essays that deal with several measurement aspects within the field of international trade. The measurement problems addressed are related to measuring the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports or measuring tax evasionEssay 1, The Human Capital Content of Trade and its Measurement. Evidence from Swedish Data, deals with various measurement problems related to calculations of the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports. This builds on the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek extension to the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory.Essay 2, Product Quality Adjustment and the Human Capital Content of Trade. A New Computational Framework, builds on the same theoretical background, but introduces a quality-adjustment in the calculations of the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports, which builds on the idea underlying vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT). Quality adjustment is performed, first, by assuming that a product sold at a higher price has a higher quality than the same product sold at a lower price and, second, by assuming that a highquality product implies a higher content of skilled labour than a low-quality product.Essay 3, Estimation of commodity-by-commodity input–output matrices, focuses on a new method in constructing symmetric input-output tables (SIOTs), which has been termed the Bohlin and Widell model, using data contained within supply- and use-tables (SUTs). One key contribution is that it makes it possible to estimate SIOTs in cases when the underlying SUTs are rectangular. The method also addresses the problem of negative coefficients, a long-standing issue encountered in the derivation of SIOTs.Essay 4, Tax evasion in Kenya and Tanzania: Evidence from missing imports, focuses on estimating the amount of tax evasion in trade between Kenya and Tanzania. The study is empirically focused, and the measurement errors in reported trade flows between both countries are correlated with tax rates, to determine whether the measurement error increases with the tax rate.
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