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- Agogué, Marine, et al.
(författare)
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A contingency approach of open innovation intermediaries - the management principles of the "intermediary of the unknown"
- 2013
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Ingår i: 13th EURAM conference, Istanbul, June 26-29.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has improved our understanding of the managerial challenges inherent in exploratory intermediation. For instance knowledge brokers help to solve well-defined problems based on existing competences. But what if the relevant actor networks are not known, if there is no clear common interest, or if there are only ill-defined, wicked problems and no legitimate common place where they can be discussed? The aim of this paper is to explore these management principles for intermediation of the unknown. Can intermediaries be active when the degree of unknown is high? And if so, what can they do and how can they manage and drive collective innovation? We first build on a review of the literature to highlight common core functions of the different types of intermediaries. Then, we introduce the “degree of unknown” as a new dimension for analyzing the role of intermediaries, and we discuss whether the core functions of the intermediary could be fulfilled when the degree of unknown is very high. Our analysis is based on four different empirical case studies in Sweden, France, and Germany where these functions have been tackled in particular because of the low level of pre-existing knowledge. We describe the managerial challenges these intermediaries face in the unknown and we demonstrate examples of how they have been handled. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and empirical perspectives raised by this work. The paper contributes to the theory of innovation intermediaries by exploring the properties of a form of intermediary for which the degree of unknown is a key contingency variable, and describes management principles for such intermediaries. In this way we characterize a new role –the “intermediary of the unknown” – that may be well spread in practice but scarcely analysed in the literature.
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| 2. |
- Gardner, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and telomere length : Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 51, s. 15-27
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is widely believed that females have longer telomeres than males, although results from studies have been contradictory. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that in humans, females have longer telomeres than males and that this association becomes stronger with increasing age. Searches were conducted in EMBASE and MEDLINE (by November 2009) and additional datasets were obtained from study investigators. Eligible observational studies measured telomeres for both females and males of any age, had a minimum sample size of 100 and included participants not part of a diseased group. We calculated summary estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using sub-group analysis and meta-regression. Results: Meta-analyses from 36 cohorts (36,230 participants) showed that on average females had longer telomeres than males (standardised difference in telomere length between females and males 0.090, 95% CI 0.015, 0.166; age-adjusted). There was little evidence that these associations varied by age group (p = 1.00) or cell type (p = 0.29). However, the size of this difference did vary by measurement methods, with only Southern blot but neither real-time PCR nor Flow-FISH showing a significant difference. This difference was not associated with random measurement error. Conclusions: Telomere length is longer in females thanmales, although this difference was not universally found in studies that did not use Southern blot methods. Further research on explanations for the methodological differences is required. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Remus, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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The amount of control in offshore software development projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Information Management. - : IGI Global. - 1062-7375 .- 1533-7995. ; 20:4, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research has focused on factors influencing the choice of controls in traditional project settings. Building on this research, this paper investigates the amount of control-defined as the variety and intensity of control mechanisms-in offshore software development projects. Using a comparative case study approach, the authors put forward eight propositions regarding the factors that influence the amount of control and its dynamics. Their results not only confirm existing findings, such as the predominance of formal controls and the negative effect of trust on the amount of formal control, but also contribute with new findings. For instance, they were able to identify particularly high levels of control in projects with high task complexity and/or high offshore team involvement as well as intensive use of formal outcome control in high volume and strategically important projects. The authors' empirical findings are integrated in a conceptual model that leads to a better understanding of the antecedents of the amount of both formal and informal controls. In contrast with previous studies, their findings do not support the notion that the amount of control is directly related to project success.
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| 5. |
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Sorption-induced deformation of microporous solids studied by in-situ dilatometry
- 2013
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microporous materials such as zeolites and amorphous carbons show a characteristic signature in terms of deformation as a result of micropore filling. Here we present analysis of synthetic microporous carbons with different annealing temperatures and consequently different average micropore sizes by gas adsorption combined with in-situ dilatometry. Measurements performed with N2 (77 K), Ar (77 K), CO2 (273 K) and H2O (298 K) all reveal the same general trends with respect to sorption-induced deformation, i.e. contraction of the samples at low micropore filling followed by a phase of monotonic expansion up to complete micropore filling. However, the extent and ranges in relative pressure related to contraction and expansion, respectively, are found to clearly differ for the specific combination of micropore size and analysis gas. Our results indicate that adsorption of different gases and vapors in slit shaped micropores with pore width below 0.9 nm yield a net expansion of the sample while adsorption in micropores with pore width above 0.9 nm results in contraction and expansion of similar extent. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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