| 1. |
- Lindelöf, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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A focus groups study of staff team experiences of providing interdisciplinary rehabilitation for people with dementia and their caregivers : a co-creative journey
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - London : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2318. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization claims that rehabilitation is important to meet the needs of persons with dementia. Rehabilitation programmes, however, are not routinely available. Person-centred, multidimensional, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation can increase the opportunities for older adults with dementia and their informal primary caregivers to continue to live an active life and participate in society. To our knowledge, staff team experiences of such rehabilitation programmes, involving older adults with dementia and their informal caregivers has not been previously explored.Methods: The aim of this qualitative focus group study was to explore the experiences of a comprehensive staff team providing person-centred multidimensional, interdisciplinary rehabilitation to community-dwelling older adults with dementia, including education and support for informal primary caregivers. The 13 staff team members comprised 10 professions who, during a 16-week intervention period, provided individualised interventions while involving the rehabilitation participants. After the rehabilitation period the staff team members were divided in two focus groups who met on three occasions each (in total six focus groups) and discussed their experiences. The Grounded Theory method was used for data collection and analysis.Results: The analysis resulted in four categories: Achieving involvement in rehabilitation is challenging, Considering various realities by acting as a link, Offering time and continuity create added value, and Creating a holistic view through knowledge exchange, and the core category: Refining a co-creative process towards making a difference. The core category resembles the collaboration that the staff had within their teams, which included participants with dementia and caregivers, and with the goal that the intervention should make a difference for the participants. This was conducted with flexibility in a collaborative and creative process.Conclusions: The staff team perceived that by working in comprehensive teams they could provide individualised rehabilitation in creative collaboration with the participants through interaction, knowledge exchange, time and continuity, coordination and flexibility, and a holistic view. Challenges to overcome were the involvement of the person with dementia in goal setting and the mediating role of the staff team members. The staff pointed out that by refinement they could achieve well-functioning, competence-enhancing and timesaving teamwork.
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| 2. |
- Lundström, Anna, 1984-
(författare)
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Autonomic cardiac control in long QT syndrome : clinical studies of arrhythmogenic triggers
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac disease characterized by prolonged cardiac repolarization and an increased risk for life-threatening arrhythmias. These arrhythmias are typically triggered by adrenergic stimuli, such as physical activity and intense emotions, implicating that the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in arrhythmogenesis. However, symptoms also commonly occur swimming and diving, situations associated with dual activation of both branches of the ANS. This observation suggests that both sympathetic and parasympathetic physiological responses may contribute to the initiation of arrhythmias in individuals with LQTS.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the cardiac autonomic response in LQTS patients during daily activities, exercise, and swimming, as well as to assess the presence of arrhythmias during activities in water. Methods: In all 4 studies electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded. In study I and II, a 24-hour ECG (Holter) system was used. In study III and IV, a waterproof 2-lead ECG device (Actiwave-Cardio) was used. In study I, ECGs were collected from adult LQTS patients (n = 44) and healthy controls (n = 44) during a submaximal bicycle exercise stress test. In study II, annual 24-hour ECG recordings (n = 575) during ordinary daily living was retrospectively collected in children with LQTS (n = 116). In study III, children with LQTS type 1 (LQT1) (n = 15) and age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 15) performed face immersion (FI), swimming, diving, and whole-body submersion (WBS). In study IV, healthy adolescents aged 15 years performed FI (n = 54) and ice-water immersion (IWI) of the body (n = 20).Heart rate responses and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed. HRV measures the beat-to-beat variation of the RR intervals of the heart, making it possible to non-invasively analyze the cardiac autonomic influence on the heart. The total power (PTOT) reflects all the variation during the recorded period. The high frequency (HF) component reflects parasympathetic activity, while the low frequency (LF) is influenced by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.Results: In study I, LQTS patients had a decreased heart rate reduction and a lower PTOT, LF and HF than controls during the post-exercise phase. LQTS patients off beta-blocker (BB) treatment showed a lower HF and higher LF/HF ratio compared to LQTS patients on BB treatment. In study II, a correlation between heart rate and changes in HRV parameters was observed. At higher heart rates, the whole cohort of LQTS patients, as well as the subgroup of LQTS patients off BB, had lower HRV values than controls. A pattern was observed indicating that LQT1 patients had lower HF in the age group of 1-10 years, with this trend shifting as age increased, resulting in lower HF in the LQT2 patients aged 15-18 years. LQT1 girls aged 10-18 years had lower PTOT than LQT1 boys. Study III showed that LQT1 patients had a smaller reduction in heart rate during FI and WBS than controls. LQT1 patients had a lower HRV before, during and after FI and WBS than controls. In study IV, in healthy adolescents, supraventricular extrasystoles were relatively common during both FI and IWI, and 2 of 54 had ventricular bigeminy during FI. FI resulted in a more pronounced heart rate reduction compared to IWI.Conclusions: The results of these studies indicate that individuals with LQTS have an aberrant cardiac response to activities that affects the ANS. After exercise and in response to water activities, the parasympathetic effect on both the heart rate and HRV appears depressed in LQTS patients. Additionally, during everyday activities, LQTS patients generally have lower HRV values at higher heart rates compared to controls. These findings suggest that both branches of the ANS might be involved in arrhythmogenesis in this patient group, and that an increased understanding of the ANS role could improve patient management and treatment. The results from the ice-water study indicate that the ventricular arrhythmia risk is likely higher during whole-body submersion with apnea. The absence of arrhythmias in beta-blocked LQT1 patients indicates effective protection by their current treatment.
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| 3. |
- Lundström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac response to water activities in children with Long QT syndrome type 1
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Swimming is a genotype-specific trigger in long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1).OBJECTIVE: To examine the autonomic response to water activities in children and adolescents with LQT1.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, LQT1 patients were age and sex matched to one healthy control subject. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during face immersion (FI), swimming, diving, and whole-body submersion (WBS). Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) was measured. The high frequency (HF) component of HRV was interpreted to reflect parasympathetic activity, while the low frequency (LF) component was interpreted as reflecting the combined influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity on autonomic nervous modulation of the heart.RESULTS: Fifteen LQT1 patients (aged 7-19 years, all on beta-blocker therapy) and fifteen age and sex matched non-medicated controls were included. No significant ventricular arrhythmias were observed in the LQT1 population during the water activities. Out of these 15 matched pairs, 12 pairs managed to complete FI and WBS for more than 10 seconds and were subsequently included in HR and HRV analyses. In response to FI, the LQT1 group experienced a drop in HR of 48 bpm, compared to 67 bpm in the control group (p = 0.006). In response to WBS, HR decreased by 48 bpm in the LQT1 group and 70 bpm in the control group (p = 0.007). A significantly lower PTOT (p < 0.001) and HF (p = 0.011) component was observed before, during and after FI in LQT1 patients compared with the controls. Before, during and after WBS, a significantly lower total power (p < 0.001), LF (p = 0.002) and HF (p = 0.006) component was observed in the LQT1 patients.CONCLUSION: A significantly lower HR decrease in response to water activities was observed in LQT1 subjects on beta-blocker therapy, compared to matched non-medicated controls. The data suggests an impaired parasympathetic response in LQT1 children and adolescents. An aberrant autonomic nervous system (ANS) response may cause an autonomic imbalance in this patient group.
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| 4. |
- Lundström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Holter study of heart rate variability in children and adolescents with long QT syndrome
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1082-720X .- 1542-474X. ; 29:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to retrospectively assess cardiac autonomic activity in children with LQTS, considering genotype, symptoms, sex, age, and beta-blocker therapy (BB) and compare it to healthy controls.Methods: Heart rate variability (HRV), using power spectrum analysis, was analyzed in 575 Holter recordings from 116 children with LQTS and in 69 healthy children. The data were categorized into four age-groups and four heart rate (HR) ranges.Results: In LQT1 and LQT2, increasing HR corresponded to significantly lower low (LF) and high frequency (HF) compared to controls. Total power (PTOT) was lower in all LQT1 age-groups compared to controls at HR 120–140 bpm (1–15 years: p <.01; 15–18 years: p =.03). At HR 80–100, LQT1 patients aged 1–10 years had lower HF than LQT2 patients (1–5 years: p =.05; 5–10 years: p =.02), and LQT2 patients aged 15–18 years had lower HF than LQT1 patients (p <.01). Symptomatic patients aged 10–15 years had lower PTOT at HR 100–120 bpm than asymptomatic patients (p =.04). LQT1 girls aged 10–15 and 15–18 years had a lower PTOT (10–15 years: p =.04; 15–18 years: p =.02) than boys.Conclusion: This study shows a correlation between HR and changes in HRV parameters. At higher HRs, LQTS patients generally had lower HRV values than controls, suggesting an abnormal autonomic response. These results may strengthen the link between physical activity and arrhythmias in LQTS.
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