| 1. |
- Both, C., et al.
(författare)
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Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca travelling from Africa to breed in Europe: differential effects of winter and migration conditions on breeding date
- 2006
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Ingår i: ARDEA. - 0373-2266 .- 2213-1175. ; 94:3, s. 511-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most bird species there is only a short time window available for optimal breeding due to variation in ecological conditions in a seasonal environment. Long-distance migrants must travel before they start breeding, and conditions at the wintering grounds and during migration may affect travelling speed and hence arrival and breeding dates. These effects are to a large extent determined by climate variables such as rainfall and temperature, and need to be identified to predict how well species can adapt to climate change. In this paper we analyse effects of vegetation growth on the wintering grounds and sites en route on the annual timing of breeding of 17 populations of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca studied between 1982–2000. Timing of breeding was largely correlated with local spring temperatures, supplemented by striking effects of African vegetation and NAO. Populations differed in the effects of vegetation growth on the wintering grounds, and on their northern African staging grounds, as well as ecological conditions in Europe as measured by the winter NAO. In general, early breeding populations (low altitude, western European populations) bred earlier in years with more vegetation in the Northern Sahel zone, as well as in Northern Africa. In contrast, late breeding populations (high altitude and northern and eastern populations) advanced their breeding dates when circumstances in Europe were more advanced (high NAO). Thus, timing of breeding in most Pied Flycatcher populations not only depends upon local circumstances, but also on conditions encountered during travelling, and these effects differ across populations dependent on the timing of travelling and breeding.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Wolf, D L, et al.
(författare)
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Fcgamma receptor polymorphisms and periodontal status: a prospective follow-up study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. - 0303-6979. ; 33:10, s. 691-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aims of this study were to assess: (i) the distribution of Fcgamma receptor polymorphisms among patients with chronic periodontitis ("cases") and control subjects with no/minimal loss of periodontal tissue support in a Caucasian population; (ii) whether these polymorphisms can serve as severity markers for periodontitis; and (iii) whether they have any bearing on the response to periodontal therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 132 cases and 73 controls of comparable age and gender. Full-mouth periodontal status was assessed. Subgingival plaque (PL) samples and blood samples were obtained and analysed with respect to 19 bacterial species and homologous serum immunoglobulin G titres. Polymorphisms in the Fcgamma receptor IIa (131R/H) and IIIb (NA1/NA2) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Patients underwent periodontal therapy and were followed up at 4 and 30 months. RESULTS: Neither polymorphism showed a skewed distribution among cases and controls. At baseline, periodontitis patients with Fcgamma RIIa-H/H131 genotype had more PL and deeper pockets than patients in other genotype groups (p < 0.05). Both bacterial levels and antibody titres were unrelated to genotype. The longitudinal analysis failed to detect an association between genotype and response to periodontal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The present data failed to demonstrate a clinically relevant relationship between the Fcgamma receptor IIa (131R/H) or IIIb (NA1/NA2) polymorphism and periodontal status.
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| 4. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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A snapshot of terror: Acute posttraumatic reactions to the September 11 attack.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. - 1529-9740. ; 6:2, s. 69-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on acute posttraumatic reactions and forms of coping to the September 11 attack. We conducted a survey within three weeks of the attack on a nationwide, representative sample of individuals 13 years or older (N = 3,134). Measures included the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), the brief version of the COPE, and questions about demographics and attitudes toward the attackers. Results show that residents of New York City--women, young adults (but not teens), and people recently immigrated into the country experienced more distress about the attack. There was a positive linear association between hours of watching TV news related to the attack and distress, and a small positive association between hostility toward the perpetrators, TV watching, and distress. Income, religion, education, and ethnicity did not have an effect on distress. Maladaptive coping strategies and TV watching explained considerably more variance than did demographics. Reactions to acute trauma seem to depend on the lack of appropriate coping strategies. The curvilinear relationship between age and posttraumatic distress suggests caution when interpreting previous findings about age and posttraumatic reactions. The association between media exposure, coping styles, and acute distress among teens extends previous findings and deserves further investigation.
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| 5. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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A snapshot of terror: Acute posttraumatic reactions to the September 11 attack.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acute reactions to trauma and psychotherapy: A multidisciplinary and international perspective. ; , s. 69-84
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedObjective To investigate acute posttraumatic reactions and forms of coping to the September 11 attack. Method A Web TV nationwide, representative sample of individuals 13 years or older (N=3134) was evaluated within three weeks of the attack. Measures included the SASRQ, the brief version of the COPE, and questions about demographics and attitudes toward the attackers. Results Residents of New York City, women, young adults (but not teens), and people recently immigrated into the country experienced more distress about the attack. There was a positive linear association between hours of watching TV news related to the attack and distress, and a small positive association between hostility toward the perpetrators, TV watching, and distress. Income, religion, education, and ethnicity did not have an effect on distress. Maladaptive coping strategies and TV watching explained considerably more variance than did demographics. Conclusions Reactions to acute trauma seem to depend on the lack of appropriate coping strategies. The curvilinear relationship between age and posttraumatic distress urges caution when interpreting previous findings about age and posttraumatic reactions. The association between media exposure, coping styles, and acute distress among teens extends previous findings and deserves further investigation.
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| 6. |
- Fundak, A, et al.
(författare)
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Dental Hygiene Debate
- 2006
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Ingår i: Europerio 5. - Madrid.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kazmierczak, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Observer reliability of industrial activity analysis based on video recordings
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 36:3, s. 275-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between observers analyzing activity patterns during truck engine assembly work based on video recordings. Two observers observed the recordings of nine workers, on the average 2.2 h long, assigning activities to four activity categories. For each activity category data were obtained on the mean duration of uninterrupted sequences of activities and their relative time proportion in the job. This data was analyzed with 2-way crossed ANOVA algorithms to derive the components of variance attributed to disagreement between observers, to differences between filmed subjects, and to residual "unexplained" variance. The latter was interpreted as an estimate of within-observer variability and possible interactions between subject and observer. While the observers disagreed about the overall time proportions for the four activity categories by no more than 3.7% of time, their second-to-second classification disagreed for 13% of the total analysis time. The between-observer variance was small as compared to within-observer variance and the variance between Subjects performing the same job. Simulations based oil the variance components showed that a group mean of the proportion of direct work could be determined with a standard deviation within 5% of the mean by having two observers analyzing one 2-h video recording once, each. Relevance to industry The results of this study may support decision making when designing a reliable video-based analysis of industrial work. Thus, the study helps production engineers, ergonomics practitioners and researchers allocate resources between data collection and data analysis, based on their preferences for precision and power of a particular study. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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