| 1. |
- Grieser, M., et al.
(författare)
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Storage ring at HIE-ISOLDE Technical design report
- 2012
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 207:1, s. 1-117
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to install a storage ring at an ISOL-type radioactive beam facility for the first time. Specifically, we intend to setup the heavy-ion, low-energy ring TSR at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN, Geneva. Such a facility will provide a capability for experiments with stored secondary beams that is unique in the world. The envisaged physics programme is rich and varied, spanning from investigations of nuclear ground-state properties and reaction studies of astrophysical relevance, to investigations with highly-charged ions and pure isomeric beams. The TSR might also be employed for removal of isobaric contaminants from stored ion beams and for systematic studies within the neutrino beam programme. In addition to experiments performed using beams recirculating within the ring, cooled beams can also be extracted and exploited by external spectrometers for high-precision measurements. The existing TSR, which is presently in operation at the Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, is well-suited and can be employed for this purpose. The physics cases as well as technical details of the existing ring facility and of the beam and infrastructure requirements at HIE-ISOLDE are discussed in the present technical design report.
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| 2. |
- Grieser, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Storage ring at HIE-ISOLDE
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 207:1, s. 1-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to install a storage ring at an ISOL-type radioactive beam facility for the first time. Specifically, we intend to setup the heavy-ion, low-energy ring TSR at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN, Geneva. Such a facility will provide a capability for experiments with stored secondary beams that is unique in the world. The envisaged physics programme is rich and varied, spanning from investigations of nuclear ground-state properties and reaction studies of astrophysical relevance, to investigations with highly-charged ions and pure isomeric beams. The TSR might also be employed for removal of isobaric contaminants from stored ion beams and for systematic studies within the neutrino beam programme. In addition to experiments performed using beams recirculating within the ring, cooled beams can also be extracted and exploited by external spectrometers for high-precision measurements. The existing TSR, which is presently in operation at the Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, is well-suited and can be employed for this purpose. The physics cases as well as technical details of the existing ring facility and of the beam and infrastructure requirements at HIE-ISOLDE are discussed in the present technical design report.
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| 3. |
- Schulze, S., et al.
(författare)
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GRB 120422A/SN 2012bz : Bridging the gap between low- and high-luminosity gamma-ray bursts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. At low redshift, a handful of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been discovered with luminosities that are substantially lower (L-iso less than or similar to 10(48.5) erg s(-1)) than the average of more distant ones (L-iso greater than or similar to 10(49.5) erg s(-1)). It has been suggested that the properties of several low-luminosity (low-L) GRBs are due to shock break-out, as opposed to the emission from ultrarelativistic jets. This has led to much debate about how the populations are connected. Aims. The burst at redshift z = 0.283 from 2012 April 22 is one of the very few examples of intermediate-L GRBs with a gamma-ray luminosity of L-iso similar to 10(49.6-49.9) erg s(-1) that have been detected up to now. With the robust detection of its accompanying supernova SN 2012bz, it has the potential to answer important questions on the origin of low-and high-L GRBs and the GRB-SN connection. Methods. We carried out a spectroscopy campaign using medium-and low-resolution spectrographs with 6-10-m class telescopes, which covered a time span of 37.3 days, and a multi-wavelength imaging campaign, which ranged from radio to X-ray energies over a duration of similar to 270 days. Furthermore, we used a tuneable filter that is centred at H alpha to map star-formation in the host and the surrounding galaxies. We used these data to extract and model the properties of different radiation components and fitted the spectral energy distribution to extract the properties of the host galaxy. Results. Modelling the light curve and spectral energy distribution from the radio to the X-rays revealed that the blast wave expanded with an initial Lorentz factor of Gamma(0) similar to 50, which is a low value in comparison to high-L GRBs, and that the afterglow had an exceptionally low peak luminosity density of less than or similar to 2 x 10(30) erg s(-1) Hz(-1) in the sub-mm. Because of the weak afterglow component, we were able to recover the signature of a shock break-out in an event that was not a genuine low-L GRB for the first time. At 1.4 hr after the burst, the stellar envelope had a blackbody temperature of k(B)T similar to 16 eV and a radius of similar to 7 x 10(13) cm (both in the observer frame). The accompanying SN 2012bz reached a peak luminosity of M-V = -19.7 mag, which is 0.3 mag more luminous than SN 1998bw. The synthesised nickel mass of 0.58 M-circle dot, ejecta mass of 5.87 M-circle dot, and kinetic energy of 4.10x10(52) erg were among the highest for GRB-SNe, which makes it the most luminous spectroscopically confirmed SN to date. Nebular emission lines at the GRB location were visible, which extend from the galaxy nucleus to the explosion site. The host and the explosion site had close-to-solar metallicity. The burst occurred in an isolated star-forming region with an SFR that is 1/10 of that in the galaxy's nucleus. Conclusions. While the prompt gamma-ray emission points to a high-L GRB, the weak afterglow and the low Gamma(0) were very atypical for such a burst. Moreover, the detection of the shock break-out signature is a new quality for high-L GRBs. So far, shock break-outs were exclusively detected for low-L GRBs, while GRB 120422A had an intermediate L-iso of similar to 10(49.6-49.9) erg s(-1). Therefore, we conclude that GRB 120422A was a transition object between low-and high-L GRBs, which supports the failed-jet model that connects low-L GRBs that are driven by shock break-outs and high-L GRBs that are powered by ultra-relativistic jets.
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| 4. |
- Dupuy, T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Multiplicity of cool dwarfs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astronomical Notes - Astronomische Nachrichten. - : Wiley. - 0004-6337 .- 1521-3994. ; 334:1-2, s. 36-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple systems have long been used to probe the origin and evolution of stars of all masses. Only in the past 10-15 years have such studies been extended to brown dwarfs and the lowest mass stars through binary surveys of both young star forming regions and the older field population. In addition, a groundswell of interest in M dwarfs in recent years has resulted in large, modern datasets for these most common stars in the Galaxy, thereby enabling renewed perspectives on their multiplicity properties. These latest observational results have in turn fueled the many theories competing to explain the formation of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. This Cool Stars 17 splinter session examined the current state of this field by reviewing results from the numerous observational techniques - radial velocities, astrometry, direct imaging, and synoptic surveys - that have been used to study multiplicity from the earliest embedded protostars to objects in young star forming regions, old and intermediate-age clusters, as well as the more heterogeneous field population.
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| 5. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction in platelet reactivity with prasugrel 5 mg in low-body-weight patients is noninferior to prasugrel 10 mg in higher-body-weight patients
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 60:20, s. 2032-2040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to confirm prior modeling data suggesting that prasugrel 5 mg in low-body-weight (LBW) patients would be noninferior to prasugrel 10 mg in higher-body-weight (HBW) patients as assessed by maximal platelet aggregation (MPA). Background: Prasugrel 10 mg reduced ischemic events compared with clopidogrel 75 mg but increased bleeding, particularly in LBW patients. Methods: In this blinded, 3-period, crossover study in stable patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) taking aspirin, prasugrel 5 and 10 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg were administered to LBW (56.4 ± 3.7 kg; n = 34) and HBW patients (84.7 ± 14.9 kg; n = 38). Assays included light transmission aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow P2Y12 (VN), and vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) level measured predose and after each 12-day treatment. Results: Median MPA by LTA for prasugrel 5 mg in LBW patients was noninferior to the 75th percentile for prasugrel 10 mg in HBW patients (primary endpoint) and mean MPA was similar, but active metabolite exposure was lowered by 38%. Within LBW patients, prasugrel 5 mg lowered MPA more than clopidogrel (least squares mean difference [95% confidence interval]: -3.7% [-6.72%, -0.69%]) and resulted in lower rates of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR). Within HBW patients, prasugrel 10 mg lowered MPA more than clopidogrel (-16.9% [-22.3%, -11.5%]). Similar results were observed by VN and VASP. Prasugrel 10 mg in LBW patients was associated with more mild to moderate bleeding (mainly bruising) compared with prasugrel 5 mg and clopidogrel. Conclusions: In aspirin-treated patients with CAD, prasugrel 5 mg in LBW patients reduced platelet reactivity to a similar extent as prasugrel 10 mg in HBW patients and resulted in greater platelet inhibition, lower HPR, and similar bleeding rates compared with clopidogrel. (Comparison of Prasugrel and Clopidogrel in Low Body Weight Versus Higher Body Weight With Coronary Artery Disease [FEATHER]; NCT01107925)
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| 6. |
- Thorn, D. B., et al.
(författare)
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Polarization and anisotropic emission of K-shell radiation from heavy few electron ions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of physics (Print). - 0008-4204 .- 1208-6045. ; 89:5, s. 513-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The population of magnetic sublevels in hydrogen-like uranium ions has been investigated in relativistic ion-atom collisions by observing the subsequent X-ray emission. Using the gas target at the experimental storage ring facility we observed the angular emission of Lyman-alpha radiation from hydrogen-like uranium ions. The alignment parameter for three different interaction energies was measured and found to agree well with theory. In addition, the use of different gas targets allowed for the electron-impact excitation process to be observed.
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| 7. |
- Braun, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced active metabolite generation and platelet inhibition with prasugrel compared to clopidogrel regardless of genotype in thienopyridine metabolic pathways
- 2013
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Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 110:6, s. 1223-1231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clopidogrel response varies according to the presence of genetic polymorphisms. The CYP2C19*2 allele has been associated with impaired response; conflicting results have been reported for CYP2C19*17, ABCB1, and PON1 genotypes. We assessed the impact of CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 polymorphisms on clopidogrel and prasugrel pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Aspirin-treated patients (N=194) with coronary artery disease from two independent, prospective, randomised, multi-centre studies comparing clopidogrel (75 mg) and prasugrel (10 mg) were genotyped and classified by predicted CYP2C19 metaboliser phenotype (ultra metabolisers [UM] = *17 carriers; extensive metabolisers [EM] = *1/1 homozygotes; reduced metabolisers [RM] = *2 carriers). ABCB1 T/T and C/T polymorphisms and PON1 A/A, A/G and G/G polymorphisms were also genotyped. PD parameters were assessed using VerifyNow (R) P2Y12 and vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) expressed as platelet reactivity index (PR!) after 14 days of maintenance dosing. Clopi-, dogrel and prasugrel active metabolite (AM) exposure was calculated in a cohort of 96 patients. For clopidogrel, genetic variants in CYP2C19, but notABCB1 or PON1, affected PK and PD. For prasugrel, none of the measured genetic variants affected PK or PD. Compared with clopidogrel, platelet inhibition with prasugrel was greater even in the CYP2C19 UM phenotype. Prasugrel generated more AM and achieved greater platelet inhibition than clopidogrel irrespective of CYP2C19, ABCB1, and PON1 polymorphisms. The lack of effect from genetic variants on prasugrel AM generation or antiplatelet activity is consistent with previous studies in healthy volunteers and is consistent with improved efficacy in acute coronary syndrome patients managed with percutaneous coronary intervention.
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| 8. |
- DeVita, Michael A., et al.
(författare)
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"Identifying the hospitalised patient in crisis"-A consensus conference on the afferent limb of Rapid Response Systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1570 .- 0300-9572. ; 81:4, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most reports of Rapid Response Systems (RRS) focus on the efferent, response component of the system, although evidence suggests that improved vital sign monitoring and recognition of a clinical crisis may have outcome benefits. There is no consensus regarding how best to detect patient deterioration or a clear description of what constitutes patient monitoring. Methods: A consensus conference of international experts in safety, RRS, healthcare technology, education, and risk prediction was convened to review current knowledge and opinion on clinical monitoring. Using established consensus procedures, four topic areas were addressed: (1) To what extent do physiologic abnormalities predict risk for patient deterioration? (2) Do workload changes and their potential stresses on the healthcare environment increase patient risk in a predictable manner? (3) What are the characteristics of an "ideal" monitoring system, and to what extent does currently available technology meet this need? and (4) How can monitoring be categorized to facilitate comparing systems? The major findings include: (1) vital sign aberrations predict risk, (2) monitoring patients more effectively may improve outcome, although some risk is random, (3) the workload implications of monitoring on the clinical workforce have not been explored, but are amenable to study and should be investigated, (4) the characteristics of an ideal monitoring system are identifiable, and it is possible to categorize monitoring modalities. It may also be possible to describe monitoring levels, and a system is proposed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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Clopidogrel metaboliser status based on point-of-care CYP2C19 genetic testing in patients with coronary artery disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 111:5, s. 943-950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared results obtained with the Nanosphere Verigene (R) System, a novel point-of-care (POC) genetic test capable of analysing 11, CYP2C19 variants within 3 hours, to an established, validated genotyping method (Affymetrix (TM) DMET+; reference assay) for identifying extensive and reduced metabolisers of clopidogrel. Based on genotyping, patients (N=82) with stable coronary artery disease on clopidogrel 75 mg daily were defined as extensive metabolisers (*1/*1, *1/*17,*17/*17), reduced metabolisers (*1/*2,*1/*8,*2/*2,*2/*3), or of indeterminate metaboliser status (*2/*17). Pharmacokinetic exposure to clopidogrel's active metabolite and pharmacodynamic measures with P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) (VerifyNow (R) P2Y12 assay), and VASP PRI (PRI) were also assessed. There was a 99.9% overall; concordance of marker-level data between the Nanosphere Verigene and DMET+ systems in identifying the CYP2C19 variants and 100% agreement in classifying the patients as extensive (n=59) or reduced metabolisers (n=15). Extensive metabolisers had significantly higher active metabolite exposure than reduced metabolisers (LS means 12.6 ng*h/ml vs 7.7 ng*h/ml; p<0.001). Extensive metabolisers also had lower PRU (LS means 158 vs 212; p=0.003) and VASP PRI (LS means 48% vs 63%, p=0.01) compared to reduced metabolisers. Rates of high on-treatment platelet reactivity were higher in reduced metabolisers compared to extensive metabolisers (VASP PRI >= 50%: 79% vs 47%; PRU >235: 33% vs 16%). The Nanosphere Verigene CBS system identified 11 CYP2C19 alleles in less than 3 hours with a high degree of accuracy when compared to a conventional method, and was further validated against pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phenotypes.
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| 10. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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Prasugrel 5-mg in the very elderly attenuates platelet inhibition but maintains non-inferiority to prasugrel 10-mg in non-elderly patients: The GENERATIONS trial, a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study in stable coronary artery disease patients.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097. ; 62:7, s. 577-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We assessed pharmacodynamic (PD) response for the reduced prasugrel 5-mg maintenance dose in very elderly (≥75y; VE) patients. BACKGROUND: In TRITON-TIMI 38, prasugrel 10-mg reduced ischemic events versus clopidogrel 75-mg, but increased bleeding in VE patients. METHODS: We examined PD and active-metabolite pharmacokinetics with prasugrel 5-mg and 10-mg and clopidogrel 75-mg in a three-period (12 days each), blinded, cross-over study in VE (n=73, mean 79±3y) or non-elderly (≥45-<65y, NE) (n=82, 56±5y) stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on background aspirin. Assays included light transmission aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow(®) P2Y12 (VN-P2Y12), and VASP. The primary comparison was non-inferiority of maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) comparing the median for prasugrel 5-mg in VE versus the 75th percentile for prasugrel 10-mg in NE, using a prespecified one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the difference <15%. RESULTS: Prasugrel 5-mg in VE met the primary pharmacodynamic non-inferiority criterion versus prasugrel 10-mg in NE. For prasugrel 5-mg, MPA was significantly lower (mean±SD, 57±14%) than clopidogrel (63±14%) (p<0.001) in VE, but higher than prasugrel 10-mg in NE (46±12%) (p<0.001). PD response by LTA, VN-P2Y12, and VASP during all treatments appeared similar between age cohorts. Prasugrel 5-mg resulted in fewer VE poor responders versus clopidogrel. Rates of mild bleeding were higher with prasugrel 10-mg, but similar for prasugrel 5-mg versus clopidogrel 75-mg. CONCLUSIONS: In aspirin-treated stable CAD patients, prasugrel 5-mg in VE attenuated platelet inhibition while meeting prespecified non-inferiority criterion versus prasugrel 10-mg in NE, with significantly better PD response and fewer poor responders compared to clopidogrel 75-mg in VE.
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