| 1. |
- Andersson, Daniel P., et al.
(författare)
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Omentectomy in addition to gastric bypass surgery and influence on insulin sensitivity : A randomized double blind controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 33:6, s. 991-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance and cardio-vascular disease. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether removal of a large amount of visceral fat by omentectomy in conjunction with Roux en-Y gastric bypass operation (RYGB) results in enhanced improvement of insulin sensitivity compared to gastric bypass surgery alone. Methods: Eighty-one obese women scheduled for RYGB were included in the study. They were randomized to RYGB or RYGB in conjunction with omentectomy. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp before operation and sixty-two women were also reexamined 2 years post-operatively. The primary outcome measure was insulin sensitivity and secondary outcome measures included cardio-metabolic risk factors. Results: Two-year weight loss was profound but unaffected by omentectomy. Before intervention, there were no clinical or metabolic differences between the two groups. The difference in primary outcome measure, insulin sensitivity, was not significant between the non-omentectomy (6.7 +/- 1.6 mg/kg body weight/minute) and omentectomy groups (6.6 +/- 1.5 mg/kg body weight/minute) after 2 years. Nor did any of the cardio-metabolic risk factors that were secondary outcome measures differ significantly. Conclusion: Addition of omentectomy to gastric bypass operation does not give an incremental effect on long term insulin sensitivity or cardio-metabolic risk factors. The clinical usefulness of omentectomy in addition to gastric bypass operation is highly questionable.
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| 2. |
- Arner, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in the size of the major omentum are primarily determined by fat cell number
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:5, s. E897-E901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly linked to insulin resistance. Variations in the size of any adipose depot are determined by alterations in adipocyte volume and/or number. The individual contribution of each of the latter factors was determined in the major omentum, a fully resectable VAT depot.SUBJECTS: Total removal of the major omentum (omentectomy) was performed in conjunction with bariatric surgery in 55 obese patients. Tissue weight as well as mean adipocyte size and number in the omentum were determined. In subgroups, total VAT was estimated by computerized tomography (n = 17) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n = 34).RESULTS: The weight of the major omentum (on average 0.6 kg) correlated significantly with total VAT mass estimated by computerized tomography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (r = 0.48-0.7; P < .01). Omental weight in relation to total body fat correlated with several features of the metabolic syndrome and inversely with serum-leptin (P < .001). Mean adipocyte size and total adipocyte number correlated strongly with omental weight (r = 0.6-0.8; P < .0001), irrespective of body mass index and total body fat mass, and accounted almost in total for interindividual variations in omental size. However, stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that adipocyte number was significantly (P < .0001) more important (62%) than adipocyte size (35%).CONCLUSION: The size of the major omentum is representative for VAT mass and correlates with a pernicious metabolic profile. Variations in omental weight are primarily determined by adipocyte number and to a lesser degree by adipocyte size, suggesting that increased VAT mass in obesity is predominantly dependent on adipocyte proliferation.
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| 3. |
- Qvick, Alvida, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating miRNA : a biomarker for classification of lung cancer and benign lung disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 14:10, s. 311-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Circulating biomarkers for cancer have great potential for diagnosis as well as follow up of treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are involved in the expression of a majority of proteins with different cell types having different miRNA expression. The aim of this study was to create a circulating miRNA-based model to discriminate patients with lung cancer from patients with benign lung disease. Methods Samples were collected from patients under investigation for lung cancer at Örebro University hospital. Patients were then divided into groups based on diagnosis, which resulted in NSCLC adenocarcinoma (n=24), NSCLC squamous cell carcinoma (n=13), SCLC (n=4) and a heterogeneous group consisting of different benign lung diseases (n=19). Healthy controls were collected separately (n=17). Circulating miRNA was processed using the extraction-free library preparation miRNA Whole Transcriptome Assay with probes for 2083 human mature miRNAs and analyzed with massive parallel sequencing. Differential expression between groups was estimated using edgeR. MiRNAs that had the highest impact on patient grouping were used in a sPLS discriminant analysis. The resulting classification model was validated using the leave-one-out method. Results The final model for comparison between patients with benign lung disease and patients with lung cancer contained 19 miRNAs. The model had an error rate of 15 % with errors distributed evenly between groups. A sub-analysis of patients with mutations in EGFR (n=5) and KRAS (n=6) was performed showing two distinct patterns in miRNA expression. Conclusion MiRNA shows promise as a circulating biomarker for lung cancer but may not be sufficient as an independent classifier. The predictive power may be improved by using several biomarkers in combination. The difference in expression between tumors with different mutations may be derived from alternate driving processes in these tumors.Sequencing results were standardized as counts per million (cpm), miRNA with cpm < 100 was filtered out and quantile normalization and log2 transformation was performed. Differential expression was analyzed using regression model (R software v. 3.5.1, package edgeR v. 3.24.1) with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. The miRNAs that, after correction, had a significant impact on sample groups were kept and analyzed with sparse partial least squares-regression. The resulting model was validated using leave-one-out method.
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| 4. |
- Wirén, Anders, 1977-
(författare)
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Correlated selection responses in animal domestication : the behavioural effects of a growth QTL in chickens
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studying animal domestication offers an opportunity to understand the mechanisms of evolution. Domestication is associated with a change in selection pressures; selection for production traits is introduced, and animals are faced with larger and denser social groups. It is not unexpected then that domestication produces a simultaneous change in a number of traits, both physiological and behavioural. This correlated change in traits, e.g. egg production and social behaviour has been termed the “domestic phenotype”. However, it has been shown that selection for one trait alone among the many associated with the domestic phenotype can lead to simultaneous changes in others. This may be a result of such traits being inherited together because of pleiotropy or close linkage of several genes affecting different traits. A chicken growth QTL has previously been found in an intercross between White Leghorn layers (WL) and their main wild ancestor, the red junglefowl (RJF). This QTL has also been found to influence explorative and social behaviours. This thesis aims to characterize this QTL further with respect to social and emotional behaviours, and tries to clarify whether pleiotropy or linkage is responsible for the many observed effects. This is done using behavioural phenotyping, genetic marker genotyping, QTL- and gene expression analysis of an intercross line between RJF and WL, and to some extent of the parental RJF and WL lines themselves. The results show that domestication in these chickens has led to increased social tolerance to unfamiliar conspecifics and a tendency to a decrease in the propensity of chickens to explore the environment, and that these effects are partly explained by the previously described growth QTL. The results also indicate that close linkage of genes, rather than pleiotropy, may be responsible for the multiple effect of the QTL, as different traits to some extent seem to be influenced by different areas within the larger QTL region. This information, in combination with that of other studies and with existing and upcoming genetic research techniques, may be used in the design of future breeding programs that take animal behaviour and welfare as well as production traits into account. Findings like these may also be of use in directing research in human psychiatric genetics.
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| 5. |
- Wirén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Domestication-related variation in social preferences in chickens is affected by genotype on a growth QTL
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genes, Brain and Behavior. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1601-1848 .- 1601-183X. ; 12:3, s. 330-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growth-related QTL on chicken chromosome 1 has previously been shown to influence domestication behaviour in chickens. In this study, we used Red Junglefowl (RJF) and White Leghorn (WL) as well as the intercross between them to investigate whether stress affects the way birds allocate their time between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics in a social preference test (‘social support seeking’), and how this is related to genotype at specific loci within the growth QTL. Red Junglefowl males spent more time with unfamiliar chickens before the stressful event compared to the other birds, whereas all birds except WL males tended to spend less time with unfamiliar ones after stress. A significant QTL locus was found to influence both social preference under undisturbed circumstances and social support seeking. The WL allele at this QTL was associated not only with a preference for unfamiliar individuals but also with a shift towards familiar ones in response to stress (social support seeking). A second, suggestive QTL also affected social support seeking, but in the opposite direction; the WL allele was associated with increased time spent with unfamiliar individuals. The region contains several possible candidate genes, and gene expression analysis of a number of them showed differential expression between RJF and WL of AVPR2 (receptor for vasotocin), and possibly AVPR1a (another vasotocin receptor) and NRCAM (involved in neural development) in the lower frontal lobes of the brains of RJF and WL animals. These three genes continue to be interesting candidates for the observed behavioural effects.
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| 6. |
- Wirén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Pooled cohort study on height and risk of cancer and cancer death
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 25:2, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the association between height and risk of cancer and cancer death.METHODS: The metabolic syndrome and cancer project is a prospective pooled cohort study of 585,928 participants from seven cohorts in Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and death were estimated in height categories and per 5-cm increment for each cancer site using Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12.7 years (SD = 7.2), 38,862 participants were diagnosed with cancer and 13,547 participants died of cancer. Increased height (per 5-cm increment) was associated with an increased overall cancer risk in women, HR 1.07 (95 % CI 1.06-1.09), and in men, HR 1.04 (95 % CI 1.03-1.06). The highest HR was seen for malignant melanoma in women, HR 1.17 (95 % CI 1.11-1.24), and in men HR 1.12 (95 % CI 1.08-1.19). Height was also associated with increased risk of cancer death in women, HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01-1.16), and in men, HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01-1.05). The highest HR was observed for breast cancer death in postmenopausal women (>60 years), HR 1.10 (95 % CI 1.00-1.21), and death from renal cell carcinoma in men, HR 1.18 (95 % CI 1.07-1.30). All these associations were independent of body mass index.CONCLUSION: Height was associated with risk of cancer and cancer death indicating that factors related to height such as hormonal and genetic factors stimulate both cancer development and progression.
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| 7. |
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