| 1. |
- Jakosky, B. M., et al.
(författare)
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MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 350:6261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact in March 2015. Responses include changes in the bow shock and magnetosheath, formation of widespread diffuse aurora, and enhancement of pick-up ions. Observations and models both show an enhancement in escape rate of ions to space during the event. Ion loss during solar events early in Mars history may have been a major contributor to the long-term evolution of the Mars atmosphere.
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| 2. |
- Greco, R, et al.
(författare)
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases in the time of COVID-19: EBMT guidelines and recommendations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bone marrow transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5365 .- 0268-3369. ; 56:7, s. 1493-1508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents one of the biggest challenges of 21st century, threatening public health around the globe. Increasing age and presence of co-morbidities are reported risk factors for severe disease and mortality, along with autoimmune diseases (ADs) and immunosuppressive treatments such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which are also associated with adverse outcomes. We review the impact of the pandemic on specific groups of patients with neurological, rheumatological, and gastroenterological indications, along with the challenges delivering HSCT in adult and pediatric populations. Moving forward, we developed consensus-based guidelines and recommendations for best practice and quality of patient care in order to support clinicians, scientists, and their multidisciplinary teams, as well as patients and their carers. These guidelines aim to support national and international organizations related to autoimmune diseases and local clinical teams delivering HSCT. Areas of unmet need and future research questions are also highlighted. The waves of the COVID-19 pandemic are predicted to be followed by an “endemic” phase and therefore an ongoing risk within a “new normality”. These recommendations reflect currently available evidence, coupled with expert opinion, and will be revised according to necessary modifications in practice.
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| 3. |
- Flores-Langarica, A., et al.
(författare)
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CD103 + CD11b + mucosal classical dendritic cells initiate long-term switched antibody responses to flagellin
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 11:3, s. 681-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody responses induced at mucosal and nonmucosal sites demonstrate a significant level of autonomy. Here, we demonstrate a key role for mucosal interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4)-dependent CD103 + CD11b + (DP), classical dendritic cells (cDCs) in the induction of T-dependent immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) following systemic immunization with soluble flagellin (sFliC). In contrast, IRF8-dependent CD103 + CD11b ' (SP) are not required for these responses. The lack of this response correlated with a complete absence of sFliC-specific plasma cells in the MLN, small intestinal lamina propria, and surprisingly also the bone marrow (BM). Many sFliC-specific plasma cells accumulating in the BM of immunized wild-type mice expressed α 4 β 7 +, suggesting a mucosal origin. Collectively, these results suggest that mucosal DP cDC contribute to the generation of the sFliC-specific plasma cell pool in the BM and thus serve as a bridge linking the mucosal and systemic immune system.
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| 4. |
- Grochowski, CM, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering genomic inversions
- 2020
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. - 1018-4813. ; 28:SUPPL 1, s. 117-118
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Raffan, Eleanor, et al.
(författare)
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A Deletion in the Canine POMC Gene Is Associated with Weight and Appetite in Obesity-Prone Labrador Retriever Dogs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 23:5, s. 893-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequencing of candidate genes for obesity in Labrador retriever dogs identified a 14 bp deletion in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) with an allele frequency of 12%. The deletion disrupts the b-MSH and beta-endorphin coding sequences and is associated with body weight (per allele effect of 0.33 SD), adiposity, and greater food motivation. Among other dog breeds, the deletion was only found in the closely related flat-coat retriever (FCR), where it is similarly associated with body weight and food motivation. The mutation is significantly more common in Labrador retrievers selected to become assistance dogs than pets. In conclusion, the deletion in POMC is a significant modifier of weight and appetite in Labrador retrievers and FCRs and may influence other behavioral traits.
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| 6. |
- Altenkirch, J., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical Tensioning of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623. ; 39A, s. 3246-3259
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which in-situ global mechanical tensioning (GMT) can be used to modify the residual stress state in friction stir (FS) welds is investigated in this article. Residual stress distributions have been determined by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction for four sets of FS welds in high-strength AA7449-W51 and lithium containing AA2199-T8 aerospace aluminum alloys subjected to a systematic range of GMT levels. For the cases studied, the results indicate that the level of residual stresses present in the as-welded state is a function of the alloy. The rate of residual stress reduction brought about by GMT, however, is basically alloy independent; indeed, it is essentially linear with respect to the GMT load, so that the tensioning required to reduce the weld stresses to zero can be calculated directly from the stresses present in the untensioned case. For thin plates, proximity to the yield stress in the hot-softened zone means that a guideline rule is that 1 MPa of tensioning during welding reduces the tensile stress by approximately 1 MPa. The GMT was found to be less effective at greater depths in thick plates. Furthermore, a reduction in bending distortion and an increase in angular distortion was observed with increased GMT, while no effects on the weld microstructure and hardness were observed.
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| 7. |
- Babic, M, et al.
(författare)
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NK cell receptor NKG2D enforces proinflammatory features and pathogenicity of Th1 and Th17 cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 217:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NKG2D is a danger sensor expressed on different subsets of innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Despite its established role as a potent activator of the immune system, NKG2D-driven regulation of CD4+ T helper (Th) cell–mediated immunity remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that NKG2D modulates Th1 and proinflammatory T-bet+ Th17 cell effector functions in vitro and in vivo. In particular, NKG2D promotes higher production of proinflammatory cytokines by Th1 and T-bet+ Th17 cells and reinforces their transcription of type 1 signature genes, including Tbx21. Conditional deletion of NKG2D in T cells impairs the ability of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells to promote inflammation in vivo during antigen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, indicating that NKG2D is an important target for the amelioration of Th1- and Th17-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases.
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| 8. |
- Hart, D. O., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Asp-130 as the catalytic nucleophile in the main alpha-galactosidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a family 27 glycosyl hydrolase
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 39:32, s. 9826-9836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characterization of the complete gene sequence encoding the alpha-galactosidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium confirms that this enzyme is a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 27 [Henrissat, B., and Bairoch, A. (1996) Biochem. J. 316, 695-696]. This family, together with the family 36 alpha-galactosidases, forms glycosyl hydrolase dan GH-D, a superfamily of alpha-galactosidases, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, and isomaltodextranases which are likely to share a common catalytic mechanism and structural topology. Identification of the active site catalytic nucleophile was achieved by labeling with the mechanism-based inactivator 2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-alpha-D- lyxo-hexopyranoside; this inactivator was synthesized by anomeric deprotection of the known 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-lyxo-hexopyranoside [McCarter, J. D., Adam, M. J., Braun, C., Namchuk, M., Tull, D., and Withers, S. G. (1993) Carbohydr. Res. 249, 77-90], picrylation with picryl fluoride and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine, and O-deacetylation with methanolic HCl. Enzyme inactivation is a result of the formation of a stable 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl-enzyme intermediate. Following peptic digestion, comparative liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of inactivated and control enzyme samples served to identify the covalently modified peptide. After purification of the labeled peptide, benzylamine was shown to successfully replace the 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl peptidyl ester by aminolysis. The labeled amino acid was identified as Asp-130 of the mature protein by further tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the native and derivatized peptides in combination with Edman degradation analysis. Asp-130 is found within the sequence YLKYDNC, which is highly conserved in all known family 27 glycosyl hydrolases.
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