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- Ibsen, Daniel B, et al.
(författare)
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Replacement of Red and Processed Meat With Other Food Sources of Protein and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations : The EPIC-InterAct Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 43:11, s. 2660-2667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: There is sparse evidence for the association of suitable food substitutions for red and processed meat on the risk of type 2 diabetes. We modeled the association between replacing red and processed meat with other protein sources and the risk of type 2 diabetes and estimated its population impact.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct case cohort included 11,741 individuals with type 2 diabetes and a subcohort of 15,450 participants in eight countries. We modeled the replacement of self-reported red and processed meat with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, cheese, cereals, yogurt, milk, and nuts. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for incident type 2 diabetes were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: There was a lower hazard for type 2 diabetes for the modeled replacement of red and processed meat `(50 g/day) with cheese (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.97) (30 g/day), yogurt (0.90, 0.86-0.95) (70 g/day), nuts (0.90, 0.84-0.96) (10 g/day), or cereals (0.92, 0.88-0.96) (30 g/day) but not for replacements with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, or milk. If a causal association is assumed, replacing red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, or nuts could prevent 8.8%, 8.3%, or 7.5%, respectively, of new cases of type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSIONS: Replacement of red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, nuts, or cereals was associated with a lower rate of type 2 diabetes. Substituting red and processed meat by other protein sources may contribute to the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes in European populations.
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| 2. |
- Ouni, Meriem, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic changes in islets of langerhans preceding the onset of diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 69:11, s. 2503-2517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of individuals with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is fundamental for pre-vention. Here, we used a translational approach and prediction criteria to identify changes in DNA methylation visible before the development of T2D. Islets of Langerhans were isolated from genetically identical 10-week-old female New Zealand Obese mice, which differ in their degree of hyperglycemia and in liver fat content. The application of a semiexplorative approach identified 497 differentially expressed and methylated genes (P = 6.42e-09, hypergeometric test) enriched in pathways linked to insulin secretion and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. The comparison of mouse data with DNA methylation levels of incident T2D cases from the prospective European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, revealed 105 genes with altered DNA methylation at 605 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, which were associated with future T2D. AKAP13, TENM2, CTDSPL, PTPRN2, and PTPRS showed the strongest predictive potential (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values 0.62–0.73). Among the new candidates identified in blood cells, 655 CpG sites, located in 99 genes, were differentially methylated in islets of humans with T2D. Using correction for multiple testing detected 236 genes with an altered DNA methylation in blood cells and 201 genes in diabetic islets. Thus, the introduced translational approach identified novel putative biomarkers for early pancreatic islet aberrations preceding T2D.
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