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- Zdzalik, M., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of genes encoding extracellular proteases in Staphylococcus aureus - important targets triggering immune response in vivo
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fems Immunology and Medical Microbiology. - 0928-8244. ; 66:2, s. 220-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteases of Staphylococcus aureus have long been considered to function as important virulence factors, although direct evidence of the role of particular enzymes remains incomplete and elusive. Here, we sought to provide a collective view of the prevalence of extracellular protease genes in genomes of commensal and pathogenic strains of S.aureus and their expression in the course of human and mouse infection. Data on V8 protease, staphopains A and B, aureolysin, and the recently described and poorly characterized group of six Spl proteases are provided. A phylogenetically diverse collection of 167 clinical isolates was analyzed, resulting in the comprehensive genetic survey of the prevalence of protease-encoding genes. No correlation between identified gene patterns with specific infections was established. Humoral response against the proteases of interest was examined in the sera derived from human patients and from a model mouse infection. The analysis suggests that at least some, if not all, tested proteases are expressed and secreted during the course of infection. Overall, the results presented in this study support the hypothesis that the secretory proteases as a group may contribute to the virulence of S.aureus.
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| 4. |
- Beltrán-Pardo, Eliana, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ionizing radiation on embryos of the tardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum at different stages of development
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9, s. e72098-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tardigrades represent one of the most desiccation and radiation tolerant animals on Earth, and several studies havedocumented their tolerance in the adult stage. Studies on tolerance during embryological stages are rare, but differentialeffects of desiccation and freezing on different developmental stages have been reported, as well as dose-dependent effectof gamma irradiation on tardigrade embryos. Here, we report a study evaluating the tolerance of eggs from theeutardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum to three doses of gamma radiation (50, 200 and 500 Gy) at the early, middle, andlate stage of development. We found that embryos of the middle and late developmental stages were tolerant to all doses,while eggs in the early developmental stage were tolerant only to a dose of 50 Gy, and showed a declining survival withhigher dose. We also observed a delay in development of irradiated eggs, suggesting that periods of DNA repair might havetaken place after irradiation induced damage. The delay was independent of dose for eggs irradiated in the middle and latestage, possibly indicating a fixed developmental schedule for repair after induced damage. These results show that thetolerance to radiation in tardigrade eggs changes in the course of their development. The mechanisms behind this patternare unknown, but may relate to changes in mitotic activities over the embryogenesis and/or to activation of responsemechanisms to damaged DNA in the course of development.
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- Ainsbury, E A, et al.
(författare)
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REVIEW OF RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY TECHNIQUES FOR EXTERNAL IONISING RADIATION EXPOSURES.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 147:4, s. 573-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current focus on networking and mutual assistance in the management of radiation accidents or incidents has demonstrated the importance of a joined-up approach in physical and biological dosimetry. To this end, the European Radiation Dosimetry Working Group 10 on 'Retrospective Dosimetry' has been set up by individuals from a wide range of disciplines across Europe. Here, established and emerging dosimetry methods are reviewed, which can be used immediately and retrospectively following external ionising radiation exposure. Endpoints and assays include dicentrics, translocations, premature chromosome condensation, micronuclei, somatic mutations, gene expression, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, neutron activation, haematology, protein biomarkers and analytical dose reconstruction. Individual characteristics of these techniques, their limitations and potential for further development are reviewed, and their usefulness in specific exposure scenarios is discussed. Whilst no single technique fulfils the criteria of an ideal dosemeter, an integrated approach using multiple techniques tailored to the exposure scenario can cover most requirements.
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| 6. |
- Beltran-Pardo, Eliana, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ionizing radiation on embryos of the tardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum at different stages of development
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tardigrades represent one of the most desiccation and radiation tolerant animals on Earth, and several studies havedocumented their tolerance in the adult stage. Studies on tolerance during embryological stages are rare, but differentialeffects of desiccation and freezing on different developmental stages have been reported, as well as dose-dependent effectof gamma irradiation on tardigrade embryos. Here, we report a study evaluating the tolerance of eggs from theeutardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum to three doses of gamma radiation (50, 200 and 500 Gy) at the early, middle, andlate stage of development. We found that embryos of the middle and late developmental stages were tolerant to all doses,while eggs in the early developmental stage were tolerant only to a dose of 50 Gy, and showed a declining survival withhigher dose. We also observed a delay in development of irradiated eggs, suggesting that periods of DNA repair might havetaken place after irradiation induced damage. The delay was independent of dose for eggs irradiated in the middle and latestage, possibly indicating a fixed developmental schedule for repair after induced damage. These results show that thetolerance to radiation in tardigrade eggs changes in the course of their development. The mechanisms behind this patternare unknown, but may relate to changes in mitotic activities over the embryogenesis and/or to activation of responsemechanisms to damaged DNA in the course of development.
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| 7. |
- Dulski, J., et al.
(författare)
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Neuroacanthocytosis - Clinical variability (a report on six cases)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 29:Suppl 1, s. 194-194
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To provide clinical clues to differential diagnosis in patients with chorea and other movement disorders with blood acanthocytes. Background: Neuroacanthocytosis (NA) is an umbrella term for neurological conditions associated with acanthocytosis. Core NA syndromes, with basal ganglia involvement and in which acanthocytosis is a frequent finding, include autosomal recessive choreaacanthocytosis (Ch-Ac) and X-linked McLeod syndrome (MLS). Due to the very low prevalence, scarcity of data and high clinical variability they may be underdiagnosed. Methods: Six male patients (pts), three diagnosed with Ch-Ac: 33-y.o.(no.1), 35-y.o.(no.2), 42-y.o.(no.3), two diagnosed with MLS: 52-y.o.(no.4), 60-y.o.(no.5) and one 62-y.o.(no.6), a brother of no.5, with clinical suspicion of MLS. The patients had an unremarkable family history and were asymptomatic until adulthood. Pts no.1,2,4,5,6 developed generalized chorea and patient no.3 had predominant bradykinesia. Pts no.1,2,3 had phonic and motor tics, additionally pts no.1 and 2 exhibited peculiar oromandibular dystonia with tongue thrusting. In pts no.2 and 3 dystonic supination of feet was observed, patient no.3 subsequently developed bilateral foot drop. Pts no. 2 and 4 had signs of muscle atrophy. Tendon reflexes were decreased or absent and electroneurography demonstrated sensorimotor neuropathy in patients no. 1,2,3,4,5, except no. 6. Generalized seizures were seen in patients no.2,3,5,6 and myoclonic jerks in patient no 1. Cognitive deterioration was reported in patients no.1,2,3,5,6. Serum creatine kinase levels were elevated in all six patients. Results: Peripheral blood smears revealed acanthocytosis in patients no.1,2,3,5,6, except no. 4. In patients no. 1 and 3 reduced expression of chorein was detected on Western blot. In patient no. 2 genetic testing showed mutations in VPS13A gene and in no.4 and 5 genetic analysis confirmed mutations in XK gene (MLS). The time from the onset of symptoms till establishing the diagnosis in patients no. 1,2,3,4,5 was 11,5,7,6,32 years respectively. Patient no.4 suddenly developed multiple organ failure and died of cardiac arrhythmia at the age of 52. Conclusions: We highlight the variability of clinical presentation of NA syndromes and the long time from the onset to diagnosis with the need to screen the blood smears in uncertain cases, however, as in one of our cases acanthocytes may even be not found.
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| 8. |
- Kulka, U., et al.
(författare)
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Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry (RENEB)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 151:4, s. 621-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, a network for biological dosimetry has been created to strengthen the emergency preparedness and response capabilities in case of a large-scale nuclear accident or radiological emergency. Through the RENEB (Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry) project, 23 experienced laboratories from 16 European countries will establish a sustainable network for rapid, comprehensive and standardised biodosimetry provision that would be urgently required in an emergency situation on European ground. The foundation of the network is formed by five main pillars: (1) the ad hoc operational basis, (2) a basis of future developments, (3) an effective quality-management system, (4) arrangements to guarantee long-term sustainability and (5) awareness of the existence of RENEB. RENEB will thus provide a mechanism for quick, efficient and reliable support within the European radiation emergency management. The scientific basis of RENEB will concurrently contribute to increased safety in the field of radiation protection.
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| 10. |
- Prasanna, Pataje G. S., et al.
(författare)
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Synopsis of partial-body radiation diagnostic biomarkers and medical management of radiation injury workshop
- 2010
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - 0033-7587 .- 1938-5404. ; 173:2, s. 245-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiation exposures from accidents, nuclear detonations or terrorist incidents are unlikely to be homogeneous; however, current biodosimetric approaches are developed and validated primarily in whole-body irradiation models. A workshop was held at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in May 2008 to draw attention to the need for partial-body biodosimetry, to discuss current knowledge, and to identify the gaps to be filled. A panel of international experts and the workshop attendees discussed the requirements and concepts for a path forward. This report addresses eight key areas identified by the Workshop Program Committee for future focus: (1) improved cytogenetics, (2) clinical signs and symptoms, (3) cutaneous bioindicators, (4) organ-specific biomarkers, (5) biophysical markers of dose, (6) integrated diagnostic approaches, (7) confounding factors, and (8) requirements for post-event medical follow-up. For each area, the status, advantages and limitations of existing approaches and suggestions for new directions are presented.
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