| 1. |
- Nilsson, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased B-cell activating factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in induced sputum from primary Sjogrens syndrome patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 48:2, s. 149-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Small airway disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are common in primary Sjogrens syndrome (pSS). However, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms behind pSS-associated airway disease have not been studied in detail. We therefore wanted to study cytokine and leucocyte levels in induced sputum in never-smoking patients with pSS. Method: Induced sputum cytokines and leucocytes were assessed in 20 never-smoking patients with pSS and 19 age- and gender-matched population-based controls. In addition, pulmonary function, disease activity, respiratory symptoms, and inflammatory and serological features of pSS were assessed. Results: B-cell activating factor (BAFF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were significantly increased in induced sputum in pSS patients compared to population-based controls, while IL-1 beta, interferon-alpha, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels and leucocytes were not. The proportion of lymphocytes and BAFF levels in induced sputum correlated significantly in pSS patients. However, cytokine levels in induced sputum were not associated with pulmonary function tests, disease activity, respiratory symptoms, or serological features of pSS. Conclusion: The increase in BAFF, IL-6, and IL-8 in induced sputum suggests a specific ongoing inflammatory disease process in the airways in pSS patients. Its association with pSS-associated airway disease needs to be further examined in future larger studies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aaltonen, H. L., et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of inhaled nanoparticles is reduced in subjects with COPD and correlates with the extent of emphysema : Proof of concept for a novel diagnostic technique
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 38:6, s. 1008-1014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often based on spirometry, which is not sensitive to early emphysema. We have recently described a method for assessing distal airspace dimensions by measuring recovery of nanoparticles in exhaled air after a single-breath inhalation followed by breath-hold. Recovery refers to the non-deposited particle fraction. The aim of this study was to explore differences in the recovery of exhaled nanoparticles in subjects with COPD and never-smoking controls. A secondary aim was to determine whether recovery correlates with the extent of emphysema. Method: A total of 19 patients with COPD and 19 controls underwent three repeats of single-breath nanoparticle inhalation followed by breath-hold. Particle concentrations in the inhaled aerosol, and in an alveolar sample exhaled after breath-hold, were measured to obtain recovery. Findings: The patients with COPD had a significantly higher mean recovery than controls, 0·128 ± 0·063 versus 0·074 ± 0·058; P = 0·010. Also, recovery correlated significantly with computed tomography (CT) densitometry variables (P<0·01) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL,CO; P = 0·002). Interpretation: Higher recovery for emphysema patients, relative to controls, is explained by larger diffusion distances in enlarged distal airspaces. The nanoparticle inhalation method shows potential to be developed towards a tool to diagnose emphysema.
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| 4. |
- Johnson, Linda S.B., et al.
(författare)
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Irregularity and lack of p waves in short tachycardia episodes predict atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke
- 2018
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Ingår i: Heart Rhythm. - : Elsevier BV. - 1547-5271. ; 15:6, s. 805-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is defined as an irregular supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) without p waves, with duration >30 seconds. Whether AF characteristics during short SVT episodes predict AF and stroke is not known. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether irregularity and lack of p waves, alone or in combination, during short SVT episodes increase the risk of incident AF and ischemic stroke. Methods: The population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study includes 24-hour ECG screening of 377 AF-free individuals (mean age 64.5 years; 43% men) who were prospectively followed for >13 years. There were 65 AF events and 25 ischemic stroke events during follow-up. Subjects with an SVT episode ≥5 beats were identified, and the longest SVT episode was assessed for irregularity and lack of p waves. The association between SVT classification and AF and stroke was assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox regression. Results: The incidence of AF increased with increasing abnormality of the SVTs. The risk-factor adjusted hazard ratio for AF was 4.95 (95% confidence interval 2.06–11.9; P <.0001) for those with short irregular SVTs (<70 beats) without p waves. The incidence of ischemic stroke was highest in the group with regular SVT episodes without p waves (hazard ratio 14.2; 95% confidence interval 3.76–57.6; P <.0001, adjusted for age and sex). Conclusion: Characteristics of short SVT episodes detected at 24-hour ECG screening are associated with incident AF and ischemic stroke. Short irregular SVTs without p waves likely represent early stages of AF or atrial myopathy. Twenty-four–hour ECG could identify subjects suitable for primary prevention efforts.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kraen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in COPD and atherosclerosis with emphasis on the effects of smoking
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP´s) are known biomarkers of atherosclerosis. MMP´s are also involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking plays an important role in both disease states and is also known to affect the concentration and activity of MMP´s systemically. Unfortunately, the epidemiological data concerning the value of MMP´s as biomarkers of COPD and atherosclerosis with special regards to smoking habits are limited. Methods 450 middle-aged subjects with records of smoking habits and tobacco consumption were examined with comprehensive spirometry, carotid ultrasound examination and biomarker analysis of MMP-1, -3, -7, -10 and -12. Due to missing data 33 subjects were excluded. Results The remaining 417 participants were divided into 4 different groups. Group I (n = 157, no plaque and no COPD), group II (n = 136, plaque but no COPD), group III (n = 43, COPD but no plaque) and group IV (n = 81, plaque and COPD). Serum levels of MMP-1,-7,-10-12 were significantly influenced by smoking, and MMP-1, -3, -7 and-12 were elevated in subjects with COPD and carotid plaque. This remained statistically significant for MMP-1 and-12 after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Conclusion COPD and concomitant plaque in the carotid artery were associated with elevated levels of MMP-1 and -MMP-12 even when adjusting for risk factors. Further studies are needed to elucidate if these two MMP´s could be useful as biomarkers in a clinical setting. Smoking was associated with increased serum levels of MMP´s (except for MMP-3) and should be taken into account when interpreting serum MMP results.
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| 7. |
- Sandqvist, G., et al.
(författare)
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Raynaud’s phenomenon and its impact on activities in daily life during one year of follow-up in early systemic sclerosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; , s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) and its impact on daily life activities during 1 year of follow-up in early systemic sclerosis (SSc). Method: Fourteen SSc patients with a median disease duration of 2 years were enrolled in the study. Every 7 weeks the patients completed a 7 day diary documenting the frequency and duration of RP attacks, the activity causing the attack, and how they handled the attack. The patients also recorded in the diary daily self-assessments of the difficulties with RP, using a 0–10 ordinal scale according to the Raynaud’s Condition Score. Results: Ninety-eight RP weekly diaries were analysed. The median number of RP attacks varied between six and nine per week, and the median score reflecting the difficulty associated with the attacks varied between 2.0 and 2.9. No difference was found in the number of attacks or the difficulties associated with them between winter, spring, and autumn. Fewer attacks and less difficulty were reported in August than in any of the other documented weeks (p < 0.05). In all diaries, all patients reported RP attacks associated with domestic activities. The use of heating devices varied during the follow-up. In February, all patients except one used such devices, while about half of the group used devices during the rest of the year. Conclusions: Difficulties resulting from RP are present and disabling all year round, which underscore the importance of intense vasoactive therapy and non-pharmacological strategies throughout the year.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Torén, Kjell, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Vital capacity and COPD: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2005. ; 11:1, s. 927-933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Spirometric diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC), either as a fixed value <0.7 or below the lower limit of normal (LLN). Forced vital capacity (FVC) is a proxy for VC. The first aim was to compare the use of FVC and VC, assessed as the highest value of FVC or slow vital capacity (SVC), when assessing the FEV1/VC ratio in a general population setting. The second aim was to evaluate the characteristics of subjects with COPD who obtained a higher SVC than FVC. Methods: Subjects (n=1,050) aged 50-64 years were investigated with FEV1, FVC, and SVC after bronchodilation. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) COPDFVC was defined as FEV1/FVC <0.7, GOLDCOPD(VC) as FEV1/VC <0.7 using the maximum value of FVC or SVC, LLNCOPDFVC as FEV1/FVC below the LLN, and LLNCOPDVC as FEV1/VC below the LLN using the maximum value of FVC or SVC. Results: Prevalence of GOLDCOPD(FVC) was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.2-12.0) and the prevalence of LLNCOPDFVC was 9.5% (95% CI 7.8-11.4). When estimates were based on VC, the prevalence became higher; 16.4% (95% CI 14.3-18.9) and 15.6% (95% CI 13.5-17.9) for GOLDCOPD(VC) and LLNCOPDVC, respectively. The group of additional subjects classified as having COPD based on VC, had lower FEV1, more wheeze and higher residual volume compared to subjects without any COPD. Conclusion: The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher when the ratio FEV1/VC was calculated using the highest value of SVC or FVC compared with using FVC only. Subjects classified as having COPD when using the VC concept were more obstructive and with indications of air trapping. Hence, the use of only FVC when assessing airflow limitation may result in a considerable under diagnosis of subjects with mild COPD.
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| 10. |
- Tornberg, Å.B, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Exercise Capacity in Female Elite Soccer Players
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Access Journal of Exercise and Sports Medicine. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this project was to assess the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on exercise capacity in female elite soccer players. Fourteen subjects (N=7 oral contraceptives users (OCU) + 7 non-OCU (N-OCU)) were recruited. An assessment of body composition was determined by Dual energy X ray absorptiometry and endogenous ovarian hormone concentrations in serum measured. A maximal treadmill test was performed to assess VO2, VCO2, blood glucose and blood lactate levels during exercise. The endogenous ovarian hormone concentrations were significantly lower among the OCU. After exercise testing OCU had significantly lower VO2 peak when normalised to total body weight or muscle mass, compared to the N-OCU. OCU had higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during submaximal exercise, indicating altered substrate utilization. The OCU had significant lower capillary blood glucose concentrations after exercise. The main finding of our study was that peak oxygen uptake was lower in female elite soccer players using OC than N-OCU, whether it is normalized to body weight or muscle mass. The difference appears to be related to effects on skeletal muscle metabolism.
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