| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahmad, Tashfeen
(författare)
-
Diabetic osteopathy : a study in the rat
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study on non-obese Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with type-2 diabetes and neuropathy was an attempt to describe and define pertinent features of diabetic osteopathy. Altogether, the study included 33 GK rats aged 12 and 20 months, and 36 age-matched Wistar rats as controls. All underwent test of glucose tolerance and nerve (sciatic) conduction velocity (NCV) showing that the diabetic rats had significantly higher blood glucose levels and lower NCV confirming the presence of diabetes and neuropathy. Skeletal features: Radiologic analysis of bone entailed X-ray, Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). In diabetic rats, the length of humerus and height of vertebrae was reduced by 8%. The long bones exhibited endosteal erosion of the diaphyses up to 18% and periosteal expansion up to 8%. The vertebrae and metaphyses of long bones showed a decrease up to 24% in areal bone mineral density (BMD), whereas no decrease was seen in the diaphyses. Cross-sectional measurements by pQCT showed a decrease in volumetric BMD ranging from 33 to 62%, which exclusively pertained to trabecular bone (vertebrae, metaphyses), whereas volumetric BMD of the cortical bone of diaphyses was only marginally affected. The results indicate that juxta-articular bone in diabetes is substantially weaker, whereas diaphyseal cortical bone may be even stronger. Over all, the observations suggest that the diabetic skeleton is characterized by regional changes, which cannot be explained by systemic factors like calcium regulating hormones. Local bone turn-over is regulated by complex mechanisms involving cytokines, prostaglandins, growth factors and, also neuropeptides. Further analysis focused on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and neuronal mediators in bone. IGF system: Immunoassays of IGF-I were done on serum, ankle samples and cortical preparations. In addition, the inhibitory IGF-I binding proteins, IGFBP-1 and -4 were analysed in serum. In diabetic rats, serum IGF-I was reduced by 18%, while IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-4 were increased by 89 and 20%, respectively. This complies with the lower BMD in the diabetic rats. In cortical bone, IGF-I was reduced by 38%, whereas no change was seen in ankles. The loss of IGF-I in cortical bone represents a novel finding. Given the cortical expansion observed in diabetic rats, the opposite was expected. Conceivably, loss of IGF-I results in endosteal erosion, which is compensated by periosteal expansion. Neuropeptides: The analyses focused on two sensory mediators, i.e. substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene- related peptide (CGRP), and one autonomic, i.e. neuropeptide Y (NPY). Immunohistochemistry was applied to ankles and tibial diaphyses, whereas radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for separate preparations of periosteum, cortex and bone marrow from femur and tibia, whole ankles, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and lumbar spinal cord. The morphological analysis showed SP, CGRP and NPY positive nerve fibers in bone and joints, which mostly were blood vessel related, although free terminals were also seen. In addition, NPY-positive hematopoietic cells were observed in the bone marrow. RIA revealed a significant decrease of CGRP, albeit not of SP, in DRG (-26%) and spinal cord (-29%) in the diabetic rats. As for bone, only NPY was significantly reduced, most evidently in bone marrow (-66%), but also in cortical bone (-36%) and ankles (-29%). Given the bone anabolic effects of CGRP and NPY, loss of these neuropeptides may prove, at least partly, to underlie the trabecular osteopenia and endocortical erosion observed in diabetic rats. Conclusion: The skeleton of diabetic rats with type-2 diabetes and neuropathy is characterized by regional changes of size, form, mineral content and density and concomitantly with regional abnormalities of the IGF- system and neuropeptides suggesting that also local factors beyond systemic play an important role in the development of diabetic osteopathy.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Jakobsson, Hilda, 1984-
(författare)
-
Not Speaking or Acting as Anti-Social Feminism and Unbecoming Woman : A Queer Reading of Silence in Agnes von Krusenstjerna’s Tony Trilogy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Barnboken. - : The Swedish Institute for Children's Books. - 0347-772X .- 2000-4389. ; 45, s. 1-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore the queer possibilities of the silence in the depiction of the protagonist’s love life in Agnes von Krusenstjerna’s Tony trilogy (1922–1926). The silence in the trilogy is manifested through absence: the theme of “ingenting” (nothing), the protagonist not speaking or acting, and the aesthetic that is created by interruptions in the protagonist’s dialogue, inner monologue, and narration. The analysis focuses on three passages: a depiction of an encounter between Tony and one of her suitors, her relative Frank Maclean, in Tonys läroår (Tony’s Apprenticeship, 1924); the ending of the trilogy in Tonys sista läroår (Tony’s Last Apprenticeship, 1926); and an epilogue to the trilogy, which was never included in it but later published in the second, expanded edition of En dagdriverskas anteckningar (The Notes of a Flâneuse, 1934). They are contextualised with references to the trilogy as a whole and compared to Krusenstjerna’s previous novels Ninas dagbok (The Diary of Nina, 1917) and Helenas första kärlek (Helena’s First Love, 1918). The method is a close reading with instead of against the grain, focusing on queer aspects of depictions of heterosexuality. It draws on theory belonging to the anti-social turn of queer studies and queer temporality studies. My conclusion is that Tony not speaking or acting can be read as anti-social feminism, with Tony as an anti-social feminist subject. Her queer life schedule can be interpreted as unbecoming woman. The “nothing,” and implicitly the creativity, that her passivity leads to accomplishes the opposite of patriarchal and chrononormative structures. The narrative and its ending are queer in the sense that they refuse to cohere and to fulfil demands for a happy, emancipatory ending.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Rodriguez, Heriberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Single layer centrifugation of stallion spermatozoa consistently selects the most robust spermatozoa from the rest of the ejaculate in a large sample size
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42, s. 579-585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reasons for performing study: An improvement in sperm quality after single layer centrifugation (SLC) has been seen in previous studies using small sample sizes (for example, n = 10 stallions). There is a need to investigate whether this improvement is repeatable over several breeding seasons with a larger number of stallions (n >= 30 stallions).Objective: To make a retrospective analysis of the results of SLC performed on more than 250 sperm samples (176 ejaculates) from 31 stallions in 3 consecutive breeding seasons.Methods: Sperm quality (motility, proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa and the proportion of spermatozoa with undamaged chromatin) was assessed before and after SLC.Results: All parameters of sperm quality examined were significantly better in sperm samples after SLC than in their unselected counterparts (P < 0.001 for each parameter). The yield of spermatozoa obtained after SLC was influenced by the type of extender used and also by the concentration of spermatozoa in the original ejaculate, with fewer spermatozoa being recovered when the loading dose contained a high concentration of spermatozoa. The optimal concentration was approximately 100 x 10(6)/ml. Sperm concentration in the samples loaded on to the colloid influenced the sperm yield while the type of semen extender affected sperm quality and survival. Furthermore, the scaled-up SLC method was found to be suitable for use with a range of ejaculates, with similar sperm kinematics being observed for standard and scaled-up preparations.Conclusions: SLC consistently improved the quality of stallion sperm samples from a large number of ejaculates. The method could be scaled-up, allowing larger volumes of ejaculate to be processed easily from a wide range of stallions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 8. |
- Zhong, C. J., et al.
(författare)
-
On the Sum Rate of MIMO Nakagami-m Fading Channels with Linear Receivers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1558-2248 .- 1536-1276. ; 11:10, s. 3651-3659
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the ergodic sum rate of multiple-input multiple-output Nakagami-m fading channels with linear receivers. In particular, both mean square error and zero-forcing receivers are considered. For dual transmit antenna configurations, we present new, closed-form upper bounds on the ergodic sum rate of both receivers. Moreover, we derive exact expressions for the two key parameters dictating the sum rate behavior in the low signal to noise ratio regime, namely the minimum energy per information bit to reliably convey any positive rate and the wideband slope. By doing so, we are able to explicitly demonstrate the sub-optimality of linear receivers compared to optimal receivers, and draw useful insights into the impact of model parameters (e.g., number of antennas, fading parameters).
|
|
| 9. |
- Özcan, Gülay, 1973-
(författare)
-
Essays on Labor Market Disparities and Discrimination : Immigration, Education and Gender
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of four papers, summarized as follows. Do Host Country Educations Even Out the Playing Field? Immigrant-Native Labor Market Gaps in Sweden This study follows a cohort of students from Swedish compulsory school graduation in 1988 until 2002 to document differences in education, including grades and field of education, and labor market outcomes between immigrants and natives. Results indicate initial differences in youth labor market status and long term differences in employment rates, most notably for those with Non-European backgrounds. Acculturation Identity and Higher Education: Is There a Trade-off Between Ethnic Identity and Education? This paper examines the role of identification to home and host cultures on the pursuit of higher educations for individuals with immigrant backgrounds. Identity is defined according to a two-dimensional acculturation framework based on strength of identification to both ethnic background cultures and the majority culture. The results put into question the premise of oppositional identities. Is It How You Look or Speak That Matters? -An Experimental Study Exploring the Mechanisms of Ethnic Discrimination Using a laboratory experiment, we explore the following questions: Are beliefs about performance affected by if a candidate is perceived to have looks that are non-stereotypical for the dominant population? Do these beliefs change if the candidate has a native-like vs. accented speech? We find that candidates not perceived as stereotypically Swedish are considered to be worse performers. When candidates are presented by both looks and speech, we find negative beliefs for candidates that speak Swedish with a foreign-accent. Sector Differences in the Glass Ceiling in Sweden -Is Occupational Segregation the Explanation? This paper explores sector differences in how the gender wage gap varies across the wage distribution and examines the role of occupational segregation in explaining this variation for Sweden. Results indicate that the phenomenon known as the glass ceiling is stronger in the public sector than in the private sector. This difference is found to be due to occupational segregation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
