| 1. |
- Wu, Qi-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term exposure to major constituents of fine particulate matter and neurodegenerative diseases : a population-based survey in the Pearl River Delta Region, China
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, with limited understanding of constituent-specific contributions.Objectives: To explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and neurodegenerative diseases.Methods: We recruited 148,274 individuals aged ≥ 60 from four cities in the Pearl River Delta region, China (2020 to 2021). We calculated twenty-year average air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-)) at the individuals' home addresses. Neurodegenerative diseases were determined by self-reported doctor-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to explore associations between pollutants and neurodegenerative disease prevalence.Results: PM2.5 and all five constituents were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of AD and PD. The observed associations generally exhibited a non-linear pattern. For example, compared with the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of BC were associated with greater odds for AD prevalence (i.e., the adjusted odds ratios were 1.81; 95% CI, 1.45–2.27; 1.78; 95% CI, 1.37–2.32; and 1.99; 95% CI, 1.54–2.57 for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively).Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents, particularly combustion-related BC, OM, and SO42-, was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AD and PD in Chinese individuals.Environmental implication: PM2.5 is a routinely regulated mixture of multiple hazardous constituents that can lead to diverse adverse health outcomes. However, current evidence on the specific contributions of PM2.5 constituents to health effects is scarce. This study firstly investigated the association between PM2.5 constituents and neurodegenerative diseases in the moderately to highly polluted Pearl River Delta region in China, and identified hazardous constituents within PM2.5 that have significant impacts. This study provides important implications for the development of targeted PM2.5 prevention and control policies to reduce specific hazardous PM2.5 constituents.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ding, Xue Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fu, Pan, et al.
(författare)
-
Metasurface Enabled On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Vector Beams from Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; In Press
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metasurface polarization optics that consist of 2D array of birefringent nano-antennas have proven remarkable capabilities to generate and manipulate vectorial fields with subwavelength resolution and high efficiency. Integrating this new type of metasurface with the standard vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) platform enables an ultracompact and powerful solution to control both phase and polarization properties of the laser on a chip, which allows to structure a VCSEL into vector beams with on-demand wavefronts. Here, this concept is demonstrated by directly generating versatile vector beams from commercially available VCSELs through on-chip integration of high-index dielectric metasurfaces. Experimentally, the versatility of the approach for the development of vectorial VCSELs are validated by implementing a variety of functionalities, including directional emission of multibeam with specified polarizations, vectorial holographic display, and vector vortex beams generations. Notably, the proposed vectorial VCSELs integrated with a single layer of beam shaping metasurface bypass the requirements of multiple cascaded optical components, and thus have the potential to promote the advancements of ultracompact, lightweight, and scalable vector beams sources, enriching and expanding the applications of VCSELs in optical communications, laser manipulation and processing, information encryption, and quantum optics.
|
|
| 5. |
- Liu, Junwei, et al.
(författare)
-
Polymer synergy for efficient hole transport in solar cells and photodetectors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Science. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hole transport materials (HTMs) have greatly advanced the progress of solution-based electronic devices in the past few years. Nevertheless, most devices employing dopant-free organic HTMs can only deliver inferior performance. In this work, we introduced a novel "polymer synergy" strategy to develop versatile dopant-free polymer HTMs for quantum dot/perovskite solar cells and photodetectors. With this synergy strategy, the optical, electrical and aggregation properties of polymer HTMs can be modulated, resulting in complementary absorption, high hole mobility, favorable energy landscape and moderate aggregation. Moreover, a clear orientational transition was observed for the developed HTMs with a 9-fold increase in the face-on/edge-on ratio, providing a highway-like carrier transport for electronic devices, as revealed by in situ characterization and ultrafast transient absorption. With these benefits, the photovoltaic and photodetection performance of quantum dot devices were boosted from 11.8% to 13.5% and from 2.95 x 10(12) to 3.41 x 10(13) Jones (over a 10-fold increase), respectively. Furthermore, the developed polymer HTMs can also significantly enhance the photovoltaic and photodetection performance of perovskite devices from 15.1% to 22.7% and from 2.7 x 10(12) to 2.17 x 10(13)Jones with the same device structure, indicating their great application potential in the emerging optoelectronics.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mei, Xiaojun, et al.
(författare)
-
RSS-Based Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Localization Algorithm Under NLOS Environment
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Communications Letters. - : IEEE. - 1089-7798 .- 1558-2558. ; 25:2, s. 474-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Localization is one of the most critical tasks in wireless sensor networks, but achieving a relatively accurate location estimation is challenging when there have Byzantine fault and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) bias simultaneously. In this context, a localization method, based on received signal strength (RSS), is proposed in this letter to mitigate the impact of Byzantine fault and NLOS bias on the localization accuracy of wireless sensor networks. The proposed method relies on a Byzantine fault-tolerant localization algorithm (BFLA), which converts the localization problem into a generalized trust-region subproblem (GTRS) by applying certain approximations. In order to obtain a feasible solution to the GTRS, a block-coordinate update (BCU) function with a regularization term is used to divide the localization problem into two subproblems. An iterative method, whose start-point is obtained by an unconstrained squared-range (USR) algorithm, is then used to obtain a solution. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches in different scenarios.
|
|
| 7. |
- Mendes, Pedro S. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Conference Report: YEuCat Better Together - Collaborative Catalysis in a Changing World
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ChemCatChem. - : Wiley. - 1867-3899 .- 1867-3880. ; 14:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "YEuCat Better Together was the first collaborative event organized by the Young European Catalysis Network with the goal of joining young minds to propose an innovative catalytic solution to a global problem." This and more about YEuCat Better Together can be found in this Guest Editorial.+
|
|
| 8. |
- Oh, Hui Xian, et al.
(författare)
-
The effectiveness of self-management interventions with action-taking components in improving health-related outcomes for adult stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5165 .- 0963-8288. ; 44:25, s. 7751-7766
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise the evidence of the effectiveness of self-management interventions with action-taking components in improving self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and depression for adult stroke survivors. Materials and methods Nine electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, including grey literature and ongoing studies. Randomised controlled trials targeting adult stroke survivors comparing health-related outcomes of patients receiving self-management interventions with action-taking components to usual care, placebo, or no-treatment were included. Screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed. Overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results A total of seventeen studies were included. Meta-analyses showed that the intervention may result in a slight increase in self-efficacy (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.07-0.52], p = 0.010, I-2 = 47%) and basic activities of daily living (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.16-0.46], p < 0.001, I-2 = 0%), but not for the other outcomes. Conclusions Self-management interventions with action-taking components may result in a slight improvement in self-efficacy and rehabilitation of basic activities of daily living. Future research should investigate which core self-management skill, or combination of them, is most effective in improving short-term and long-term outcomes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Wang, Shanlin, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of Continuous Transport of the Droplet by the Contact-Boiling Regime
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 37:1, s. 553-560
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Joule-heat-driven directional transport of liquid droplets has comprehensive engineering applications in various water and thermal management, cooling systems, and self-cleaning. Generally, the driving force for the transport of liquid droplets was always observed at an extremely high Leidenfrost temperature, which limits the potential application between liquid boiling and Leidenfrost points. In this work, we design a new strategy to directionally drive the transport of droplets by blockading the vapor cushion at a temperature much lower than the Leidenfrost point. On the surface of the microhole arrays, we observed the continuous rebound behavior of ethanol droplets at T-s = 110 degrees C. Employing the thermal multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, the continuous rebound behavior was reproduced, verifying that the driving force was provided by the blockaded vapor pressure in microholes. By cooperating with the Laplace pressure difference, we directionally transport ethanol and water droplets on the horizontal asymmetrical concentric microridge surface. The horizontal velocity of water is 11.25 cm/s at T-s = 180 degrees C, similar to the traditional ratchets at the Leidenfrost point. The design of microtextures enriches the fundamental understanding of how to drive droplets at far below the Leidenfrost point and pushes the application in nongravity-driven self-cleaning and cooling systems.
|
|
