| 1. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(author)
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Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube
- 2023
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 83:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced by meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers. The flux depends on meteorological quantities such as the air temperature, which affects the density of air. Competition between decay and re-interaction of those mesons in the first particle production generations gives rise to a higher neutrino flux when the air density in the stratosphere is lower, corresponding to a higher temperature. A measurement of a temperature dependence of the atmospheric νμ flux provides a novel method for constraining hadronic interaction models of air showers. It is particularly sensitive to the production of kaons. Studying this temperature dependence for the first time requires a large sample of high-energy neutrinos as well as a detailed understanding of atmospheric properties. We report the significant (>10σ) observation of a correlation between the rate of more than 260,000 neutrinos, detected by IceCube between 2012 and 2018, and atmospheric temperatures of the stratosphere, measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s AQUA satellite. For the observed 10 % seasonal change of effective atmospheric temperature we measure a 3.5(3) % change in the muon neutrino flux. This observed correlation deviates by about 2-3 standard deviations from the expected correlation of 4.3 % as obtained from theoretical predictions under the assumption of various hadronic interaction models.
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| 2. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(author)
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Limits on Neutrino Emission from GRB 221009A from MeV to PeV Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
- 2023
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 946:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been considered a possible source of high-energy neutrinos. While no correlations have yet been detected between high-energy neutrinos and GRBs, the recent observation of GRB 221009A-the brightest GRB observed by Fermi-GBM to date and the first one to be observed above an energy of 10 TeV-provides a unique opportunity to test for hadronic emission. In this paper, we leverage the wide energy range of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory to search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A. We find no significant deviation from background expectation across event samples ranging from MeV to PeV energies, placing stringent upper limits on the neutrino emission from this source.
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| 3. |
- Korchynska, S, et al.
(author)
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A hypothalamic dopamine locus for psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotion in mice
- 2022
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 5944-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lateral septum (LS) has been implicated in the regulation of locomotion. Nevertheless, the neurons synchronizing LS activity with the brain’s clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) remain unknown. By interrogating the molecular, anatomical and physiological heterogeneity of dopamine neurons of the periventricular nucleus (PeVN; A14 catecholaminergic group), we find that Th+/Dat1+ cells from its anterior subdivision innervate the LS in mice. These dopamine neurons receive dense neuropeptidergic innervation from the SCN. Reciprocal viral tracing in combination with optogenetic stimulation ex vivo identified somatostatin-containing neurons in the LS as preferred synaptic targets of extrahypothalamic A14 efferents. In vivo chemogenetic manipulation of anterior A14 neurons impacted locomotion. Moreover, chemogenetic inhibition of dopamine output from the anterior PeVN normalized amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, particularly during sedentary periods. Cumulatively, our findings identify a hypothalamic locus for the diurnal control of locomotion and pinpoint a midbrain-independent cellular target of psychostimulants.
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| 4. |
- Al-Handal, Adil Y, 1952, et al.
(author)
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Navithidium gen. nov., a new monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyceae) genus based on Achnanthes delicatissima Simonsen
- 2021
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In: Diatom Research. - 0269-249X. ; 36:2, s. 133-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the ultrastructure of Achnanthes delicatissima Simonsen in materials collected from the Swedish Baltic coast. Valve structure differs markedly from that of Achnanthes sensu lato, particularly in the absence of cribrate areolae which separates Achnanthes from all other members of the family Achnanthaceae. Comparing this species with those recently described achnanthoid genera, such as Scalariella Riaux-Gobin & Witkowski and Madinithidium Witkowski, Desrosiers & Riaux-Gobin revealed morphological differences that warrant the erection of a new genus, Navithidium. Owing to the small size of the frustules, it is difficult to identify Navithidium delicatissima in light microscopy due to similarities with some closely related taxa like Achnanthidium pseudochamaepinnularia (which is here transferred to Navithidium). A comparison with related genera is provided and discussed. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 5. |
- Braeckman, U., et al.
(author)
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Glacial melt disturbance shifts community metabolism of an Antarctic seafloor ecosystem from net autotrophy to heterotrophy
- 2021
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 4:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change-induced glacial melt affects benthic ecosystems along the West Antarctic Peninsula, but current understanding of the effects on benthic primary production and respiration is limited. Here we demonstrate with a series of in situ community metabolism measurements that climate-related glacial melt disturbance shifts benthic communities from net autotrophy to heterotrophy. With little glacial melt disturbance (during cold El Nino spring 2015), clear waters enabled high benthic microalgal production, resulting in net autotrophic benthic communities. In contrast, water column turbidity caused by increased glacial melt run-off (summer 2015 and warm La Nina spring 2016) limited benthic microalgal production and turned the benthic communities net heterotrophic. Ongoing accelerations in glacial melt and run-off may steer shallow Antarctic seafloor ecosystems towards net heterotrophy, altering the metabolic balance of benthic communities and potentially impacting the carbon balance and food webs at the Antarctic seafloor. Ulrike Braeckman et al. use in situ benthic community and benthic biogeochemistry measurements in Potter Cove on the Antarctic Peninsula to show that climate-related glacial melt disturbance shifts benthic communities from net autotrophy to heterotrophy. This study sheds light on how future glacial melt and run-off may affect the metabolic balance of Antarctic benthic communities.
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| 6. |
- Burford, M. A., et al.
(author)
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Perspective: Advancing the research agenda for improving understanding of cyanobacteria in a future of global change
- 2020
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In: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883. ; 91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (=cyanoHABs) are an increasing feature of many waterbodies throughout the world. Many bloom-forming species produce toxins, making them of particular concern for drinking water supplies, recreation and fisheries in waterbodies along the freshwater to marine continuum. Global changes resulting from human impacts, such as climate change, over-enrichment and hydrological alterations of waterways, are major drivers of cyanoHAB proliferation and persistence. This review advocates that to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date, but adopt a more complex and definitive suite of experiments, observations, and models which can effectively capture the temporal scales of processes driven by eutrophication and a changing climate. Better integration of laboratory culture and field experiments, as well as whole system and multiple-system studies are needed to improve confidence in models predicting impacts of climate change and anthropogenic over-enrichment and hydrological modifications. Recent studies examining adaptation of species and strains to long-term perturbations, e.g. temperature and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, as well as incorporating multi-species and multi-stressor approaches emphasize the limitations of approaches focused on single stressors and individual species. There are also emerging species of concern, such as toxic benthic cyanobacteria, for which the effects of global change are less well understood, and require more detailed study. This review provides approaches and examples of studies tackling the challenging issue of understanding how global changes will affect cyanoHABs, and identifies critical information needs for effective prediction and management. © 2019
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Schweitzer, H., et al.
(author)
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Innovating carbon-capture biotechnologies through ecosystem-inspired solutions
- 2021
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In: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:1, s. 49-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rising atmospheric carbon concentrations affect global health, the economy, and overall quality of life. We are fast approaching climate tipping points that must be addressed, not only by reducing emissions but also through new innovation and action toward carbon capture for sequestration and utilization (CCSU). In this perspective, we delineate next-generation biotechnologies for CCSU supported by engineering design principles derived from ecological processes inspired by three major biomes (plant-soil, deep biosphere, and marine). These are to interface with existing industrial infrastructure and, in some cases, tap into the carbon sink potential of nature. To develop ecosystem-inspired biotechnology, it is important to identify accessible control points of CO2 and CH4 within a given system as well as value-chain opportunities that drive innovation. In essence, we must supplement natural biogeochemical carbon sinks with new bioengineering solutions. © 2020 The Authors Atmospheric carbon emissions are driving global tipping points that must be addressed by reducing emissions in combination with carbon capture for sequestration and utilization. We outline that there is much to be gained by translating ecological processes that underpin global carbon cycles into engineering principles that harness plant-soil, deep biosphere and marine microbiomes for creation of new value chains and access to Earth's major carbon storage pools. Rapid innovation is required, and biotechnology has a certain role to play. © 2020 The Authors
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| 9. |
- Volf, Carlo, et al.
(author)
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Why daylight should be a priority for urban planning
- 2024
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In: Journal of Urban Management. - : Elsevier. - 2226-5856 .- 2589-0360.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Daylight is essential for ecosystems and for the physical and mental well-being of people. In densely populated cities, only a small proportion of total daylight is available to support urban greenery and most people have little daily exposure to natural daylight. Despite this, many cities have followed a strategy of densification as a way of preventing urban sprawl and reducing energy consumption. In this article, we review the biological importance of daylight and show that urban densification leads to a reduction in the daylight available for both people and nature. We conclude that daylight in cities should be treated as a limiting resource that needs to be planned and managed carefully, much like water or energy. We suggest elements for a policy framework aimed at optimizing urban daylight, including how to determine daylight needs, how to determine the maximum viable urban density, and policy options for built and unbuilt areas.
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| 10. |
- Wulff, N. B., et al.
(author)
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Health-Related Quality of Life, Dysphagia, Voice Problems, Depression, and Anxiety After Total Laryngectomy
- 2022
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In: Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X. ; 132:5, s. 980-988
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives/Hypothesis The aims were to determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including voice problems, dysphagia, depression, and anxiety after total laryngectomy (TL), and investigate the associations between HRQoL and the late effects. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods 172 participants having received a TL 1.6 to 18.1 years ago for laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer filled in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Core and Head and Neck module (EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-H&N35), Voice-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (V-RQOL), M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Results Participants scored worse than normative reference populations on all scales/items of the EORTC questionnaires, except one, and almost half of the scales/items showed a clinically relevant difference. Moderate/severe dysphagia was present in 46%, moderate/severe voice problems in 57%, depression in 16%, and anxiety in 20%. Decreasing age, increasing numbers of comorbidities, increasing voice problems, increasing dysphagia, and increasing depression symptoms, were associated with a lowered EORTC QLQ-C30 summary score. Conclusion A substantial proportion of participants experienced clinically significant late effects and increasing levels of these were associated with a lowered HRQoL. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021
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