| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of (XcJ)-> K+K-K+K- decays
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 642:3, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using 14M psi(2S) events taken with the BESII detector, chi(cJ) -> 2(K+K-) decays are studied. For the four-kaon final state, the branching fractions are B(chi(c0,1,2) ->.2(K+K-)) = (3.48 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.47) x 10(-3), (0.70 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.10) x 10(-3), and (2.17 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3). For the phi K+K- final state, the branching fractions, which are measured for the first time, are B(chi(c0,1,2) -> phi K+K-) = (1.03 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.15) x 10(-3), (0.46 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.06) x 10(-3), and (1.67 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.24) x 10(-4). For the phi phi final state, B(chi(c0,2) -> phi phi) = (0.94 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.13) x 10(-3) and (1.70 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.25) x 10(-3).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berman, F., et al.
(författare)
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New grid scheduling and rescheduling methods in the GrADS Project
- 2005
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Ingår i: International journal of parallel programming. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0885-7458 .- 1573-7640. ; 33:3-Feb, s. 209-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of the Grid Application Development Software (GrADS) Project is to provide programming tools and an execution environment to ease program development for the Grid. This paper presents recent extensions to the GrADS software framework: a new approach to scheduling workflow computations, applied to a 3-D image reconstruction application; a simple stop/migrate/restart approach to rescheduling Grid applications, applied to a QR factorization benchmark; and a process-swapping approach to rescheduling, applied to an N-body simulation. Experiments validating these methods were carried out on both the GrADS MacroGrid (a small but functional Grid) and the MicroGrid (a controlled emulation of the Grid).
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| 5. |
- Breitbach, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Potential risks of bone marrow cell transplantation into infarcted hearts
- 2007
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Ingår i: Blood. - Washington, DC : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 110:4, s. 1362-1369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular replacement therapy has emerged as a novel strategy for the treatment of heart failure. The aim of our study was to determine the fate of injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and whole bone marrow (BM) cells in the infarcted heart. MSCs were purified from BM of transgenic mice and characterized using flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation assays. Myocardial infarctions were generated in mice and different cell populations including transgenic MSCs, unfractionated BM cells, or purified hematopoietic progenitors were injected. Encapsulated structures were found in the infarcted areas of a large fraction of hearts after injecting MSCs (22 of 43, 51.2%) and unfractionated BM cells (6 of 46, 13.0%). These formations contained calcifications and/or ossifications. In contrast, no pathological abnormalities were found after injection of purified hematopoietic progenitors (0 of 5, 0.0%), fibroblasts (0 of 5, 0.0%), vehicle only (0 of 30, 0.0%), or cytokine-induced mobilization of BM cells (0 of 35, 0.0%). We conclude that the developmental fate of BM-derived cells is not restricted by the surrounding tissue after myocardial infarction and that the MSC fraction underlies the extended bone formation in the infarcted myocardium. These findings seriously question the biologic basis and clinical safety of using whole BM and in particular MSCs to treat nonhematopoietic disorders.
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| 6. |
- Kolossov, Eugen, et al.
(författare)
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Engraftment of engineered ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes but not BM cells restores contractile function to the infarcted myocardium
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - New York, USA : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 203:10, s. 2315-2327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular cardiomyoplasty is an attractive option for the treatment of severe heart failure. It is, however, still unclear and controversial which is the most promising cell source. Therefore, we investigated and examined the fate and functional impact of bone marrow (BM) cells and embryonic stem cell (ES cell)-derived cardiomyocytes after transplantation into the infarcted mouse heart. This proved particularly challenging for the ES cells, as their enrichment into cardiomyocytes and their long-term engraftment and tumorigenicity are still poorly understood. We generated transgenic ES cells expressing puromycin resistance and enhanced green fluorescent protein cassettes under control of a cardiac-specific promoter. Puromycin selection resulted in a highly purified (>99%) cardiomyocyte population, and the yield of cardiomyocytes increased 6-10-fold because of induction of proliferation on purification. Long-term engraftment (4-5 months) was observed when co-transplanting selected ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts into the injured heart of syngeneic mice, and no teratoma formation was found (n = 60). Although transplantation of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes improved heart function, BM cells had no positive effects. Furthermore, no contribution of BM cells to cardiac, endothelial, or smooth muscle neogenesis was detected. Hence, our results demonstrate that ES-based cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of impaired myocardial function and provides better results than BM-derived cells.
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| 7. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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A galanin receptor subtype 1 specific agonist
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3904 .- 1573-3149. ; 11:1, s. 17-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chimeric peptide M617, galanin(1–13)-Gln14-bradykinin(2–9)amide, is a novel galanin receptor ligand with increased subtype specificity for GalR1 and agonistic activity in cultured cells as well as in vivo. Displacement studies on cell membranes expressing hGalR1 or hGalR2 show the presence of a high affinity binding site for M617 on GalR1 (K i=0.23±.12 nM) while lower affinity was seen towards GalR2 (K i=5.71±1.28 nM) resulting in 25-fold specificity for GalR1. Activation of GalR1 upon stimulation with M617 is further confirmed by internalization of a GalR1-EGFP conjugate. Intracellular signaling studies show the ability of M617 to inhibit forskolin stimulated cAMP formation with 57% and to produce a 5-fold increase in inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation. Agonistic effects on signal transduction are shown on both receptors studied after treatment with M617 in the presence of galanin. In noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons, M617 induces an outward current even in the presence of TTX plus Ca2+, high Mg2+, suggesting a postsynaptic effect. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of M617 dose-dependently stimulates food uptake in rats while, in contrast, M35 completely fails to affect the feeding behavior. Spinal cord flexor reflex is facilitated by intrathecal (i.t.) administration of M617 as well as galanin with no significant change upon pre-treatment with M617. M617 dose dependently antagonizes the spinal cord hyperexcitablility induced by C-fiber conditioning stimulus and does neither enhance nor antagonize the effect of galanin. These data demonstrate a novel galanin receptor ligand with subtype specificity for GalR1 and agonistic activity, both in vitro and in vivo.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Xia, S, et al.
(författare)
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Postendocytotic traffic of the galanin R1 receptor: a lysosomal signal motif on the cytoplasmic terminus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 105:14, s. 5609-5613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide galanin R1 receptor (GalR1) was tagged at its C terminus with EGFP (GalR1–EGFP) to study receptor localization and trafficking. In PC12 and HEK293 cells, functional GalR1–EGFP was expressed on the plasma membrane and internalized into cytoplasmic vesicles after galanin stimulation. The internalization was blocked by 0.4 M sucrose and by silencing of clathrin with siRNA methodology. Internalized GalR1–EGFP and LysoTracker, a lysosomal marker, overlapped in intracellular vesicles after prolonged galanin stimulation. This colocalization was strongly reduced after site-directed mutagenesis of the motif YXXØ on the C terminus of GalR1 (where Ø is a bulky hydrophobic residue and X any amino acid). Taken together, these data suggest that GalR1 is internalized via the clathrin-dependent, endocytic pathway and then, to a large extent, delivered to lysosomes for degradation through the lysosome-targeting signal YXXØ.
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| 10. |
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