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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963
(författare)
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Speech interaction system – how to increase its usability
- 2004
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Ingår i: The 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Interspeech 2004, ICSL. Jeju Island, Korea.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discussed different issues related to the usability of speech interaction system. It includes the usability concept, different design approaches, design process and evaluation questions for speech interaction system. Usability is a very fuzzy concept, especially when it related to the speech interaction system: it is hard to measure and it is very much context dependent. The traditional user-centered design approach may not be suitable for the speech interaction system design since the users might not have enough knowledge to see what the technology can do. Usage-centered design may be the better method but there is not comprehensive theory and methodology for the design process and evaluation.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Gang, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Health-Related Quality of Life of Australian Adolescents : An Empirical Comparison of the Child Health Utility 9D and EQ-5D-Y Instruments
- 2015
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Ingår i: Value in Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3015 .- 1524-4733. ; 18:4, s. 432-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the performance of two recently developed preference-based instruments-the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) and the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire Youth version (EQ-5D-Y)-in assessing the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of Australian adolescents. Methods: An online survey including the CHU9D and the EQ-5D-Y, self-reported health status, and a series of sociodemographic questions was developed for administration to a community-based sample of adolescents (aged 11-17 years). Individual responses to both instruments were translated into utilities using scoring algorithms derived from the Australian adult general population. Results: A total of 2020 adolescents completed the online survey. The mean +/- SD utilities of the CHU9D and the EQ-5D-Y were very similar (0.82 +/- 0.13 and 0.83 +/- 0.19, respectively), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.80) suggested good levels of agreement. Both instruments were able to discriminate according to varying levels of self-reported health status (P < 0.001). Although exhibiting good levels of agreement overall, some wide divergences were apparent at an individual level. Conclusions: The study results are encouraging and illustrate the potential for both the CHU9D and the EQ-5D-Y to be more widely used for measuring and valuing the HRQOL of adolescent populations in Australia and internationally. Generating adolescent-specific scoring algorithms pertaining to each instrument and an empirical comparison of the resulting utilities is a natural next step. More evidence is required from the application of the CHU9D and the EQ-5D-Y in specific patient groups in adolescent health settings to inform the choice of instrument for measuring and valuing the HRQOL for the economic evaluation of adolescent health care treatments and services.
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| 5. |
- Jin, Lai-Zhe, et al.
(författare)
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Creep of copper canisters in power-law breakdown
- 2008
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Ingår i: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 43:3, s. 403-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Swedish KBS-3 concept the spent nuclear fuel will be placed in copper canisters 500 m down in the bedrock. In thestorage, the canister will creep under conditions that are well inside the power-law breakdown regime. To prevent creep rupture fromoccurring that could cause leakage of nuclides, finite element models are set up to study the evolution of creep deformation in the coppercanisters. In this paper, two finite element models for the secondary creep are formulated. The first one is based on a fundamental climb–glide creep law valid over a wide range of temperatures. The second one is on the basis of a generalised Norton equation fitted to secondarycreep data of phosphorus doped pure copper. The creep deformation is shown to be much larger in the lid and the bottom of the canistersthan in the cylindrical wall. In the latter a stationary creep state is reached only after very long time (30000 years). Since the deformation inthe copper canister is restricted by a cast iron insert and stress concentrations are reduced with time, the total creep strain is limited.
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| 6. |
- Jin, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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A Semidefinite Programming Relaxation under False Data Injection Attacks against Power Grid AC State Estimation
- 2017
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Ingår i: 55th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Allerton 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538632666 ; , s. 236-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of sensing and information technology renders the power grid susceptible to cyber-attacks. To understand how vulnerable the state estimator is, we study its behavior under the worst attacks possible. A general false data injection attack (FDIA) based on the AC model is formulated, where the attacker manipulates sensor measurements to mislead the system operator to make decisions based on a falsified state. To stage such an attack, the optimization problem incorporates constraints of limited resources (allowing only a limited number of measurements to be altered), and stealth operation (ensuring the cyber hack cannot be identified by the bad data detection algorithm). Due to the nonlinear AC power flow model and combinatorial selection of compromised sensors, the problem is nonconvex and cannot be solved in polynomial time; however, it is shown that convexification of the original problem based on a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation and a sparsity penalty is able to recover a near-optimal solution. This represents the first study to solve the AC-based FDIA. Simulations on a 30-bus system illustrate that the proposed attack requires only sparse sensor manipulation and remains stealthy from the residual-based bad data detection mechanism. In light of the analysis, this study raises new challenges on grid defense mechanism and attack detection strategy.
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| 7. |
- Jin, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Power Grid AC-Based State Estimation : Vulnerability Analysis Against Cyber Attacks
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9286 .- 1558-2523. ; 64:5, s. 1784-1799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To ensure grid efficiency and reliability, power system operators continuously monitor the operational characteristics of the grid through a critical process called state estimation (SE), which performs the task by filtering and fusing various measurements collected from grid sensors. This study analyzes the vulnerability of the key operation module, namely ac-based SE, against potential cyber attacks on data integrity, also known as false data injection attack (FDIA). A general form of FDIA can be formulated as an optimization problem, whose objective is to find a stealthy and sparse data injection vector on the sensor measurements with the aim of making the state estimate spurious and misleading. Due to the nonlinear ac measurement model and the cardinality constraint, the problem includes both continuous and discrete nonlinearities. To solve the FDIA problem efficiently, we propose a novel convexification framework based on semidefinite programming (SDP). By analyzing a globally optimal SDP solution, we delineate the "attackable region" for any given set of measurement types and grid topology, where the spurious state can be falsified by FDIA. Furthermore, we prove that the attack is stealthy and sparse, and derive performance bounds. Simulation results on various IEEE test cases indicate the efficacy of the proposed convexification approach. From the grid protection point of view, the results of this study can be used to design a security metric for the current practice against cyber attacks, redesign the bad data detection scheme, and inform proposals of grid hardening. From a theoretical point of view, the proposed framework can be used for other nonconvex problems in power systems and beyond.
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| 8. |
- Shevchenko, Valeriy, et al.
(författare)
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Proteins of Wnt signaling pathway in cancer stem cells of human glioblastoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GLIOBLASTOMA. - LONDON ENGLAND : Elsevier. - 9780128211144 ; , s. 185-200
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary glial brain tumor. The prognosis for GBM patients is not favorable, with the median survival time being 15 months. Its treatment resistance is associated with GBM cell population having cancer stem cells (CSCs). Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is a strategically important molecular mechanism, providing proliferation of stem cells of all types. This study compares the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins in CD133(+) CSCs and CD133 (-) differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGCs). Materials and methods: the present study used U-87MG cells of human glioblastoma, the material was tested for mycoplasma contamination. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mass spectrometry was used for proteome analysis. Biological and molecular functions, signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions were analyzed using free-access databases: PubMed, PANTHER, Gene Ontology, Swiss-Prot and KEGG. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed using the STRING database (version 10). Results: There were identified 589 proteins with significantly changed expression in CD133+ CSCs, as compared with CD133-DGCs (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis allowed to attribute 134 differentially expressed proteins to 16 signaling pathways. A significant increase in expression of eight Wnt signaling pathway proteins (APC, CSNK1E, CSNK1A, CSNK2A2, CSNK2B, CTNNB1, DVL1, RUVBL) was detected, as well as four proteins of the non-canonical Wnt pathway-RHOA, ROCK2, RAC2, DAAM1. Special attention should be paid to beta-catenin (CTNNB1) with more than 13.98-fold increase of expression in CSCs and Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) with 6.15-fold higher upregulation level. Conclusion: proteins of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling cascade are a prospective target for regulating CSCs activity.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Wu, Sihong, et al.
(författare)
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The role of air and soil temperature in the seasonality of photosynthesis and transpiration in a boreal Scots pine ecosystem
- 2012
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 156, s. 85-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photosynthesis and transpiration in boreal forests are restricted by air temperature (T a) and soil temperature (T s), especially in spring after the dormant period, but the extent to which the recovery process is regulated these factors is still uncertain. To examine the role of air temperature and soil temperature, years with three types of typical patterns of temperature rises were identified from 13 years of continuous flux measurements for a Scots pine ecosystem in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. By combining a process-based ecosystem model (CoupModel) with an uncertainty estimation procedure (GLUE), the role of regulating factors was explored and 45 of 51 parameters were found to have reduced uncertainty after calibration. Air temperature was the major limiting factor for photosynthesis in early spring, autumn and winter, but soil temperature was a rather important limiting factor in late spring. Especially during warm spring with a large delay of soil temperature rise both water uptake and photosynthesis was strongly reduced due to low soil temperature. Soil moisture and nitrogen showed indications of being more important for regulating photosynthesis in the summer period. It proved possible to replace the soil temperature acclimation function on photosynthesis and transpiration with a corresponding air temperature function only during warm years with a small delay between T a and T s. Fluxes of photosynthesis and transpiration showed a sensitivity to the carbon footprint representation, as expected from the high spatial variability in soil temperature during the spring of a warm year with a large delay between T a and T s.
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