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| 2. |
- Tuomi, Maria W., et al.
(författare)
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The increase of an allelopathic and unpalatable plant undermines reindeer pasture quality and current management in the Norwegian tundra
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-4435. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing Arctic greening can increase productivity and reindeer pasture quality in the tundra. However, greening may also entail proliferation of unpalatable species, with consequences for pastoral social-ecological systems. Here we show extensive greening across 20 reindeer districts in Norway between 2003 and 2020, which has reduced pasture diversity. The allelopathic, evergreen dwarf-shrub crowberry increased its biomass by 60%, with smaller increases of deciduous shrubs and no increase in forbs and graminoids, the most species rich growth forms. There was no evidence for higher reindeer densities promoting crowberry. The current management decision-making process aims at sustainable pasture management but does not explicitly account for pasture changes and reduced diversity. Large-scale shifts towards evergreening and increased allelopathy may thus undermine the resource base for this key Arctic herbivore and the pastoral social-ecological system. Management that is sensitive to changes in pasture diversity could avoid mismanagement of a social-ecological system in transition.
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| 3. |
- Wulff Hamrin, Cornelia
(författare)
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Attitudes towards work life among clients in psychiatric outpatient clinics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Rehabilitation.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to explore factors related to recovery back to work life among clients in psychiatric outpatient clinics. An inventory was answered by 270 participants. Besides descriptives, chi2, ANOVA analyses and standard multiple regression were carried out. The main results were that about 20 % of the participants had experienced prejudices in their care contacts and 30% had experiences of prejudices at work sites. The participants who worked had experienced fewer prejudices and had higher recovery self-efficacy and fighting spirit than those who did not work. Multiple regression analyses revealed that fighting spirit and social support in work life were associated with the intention to work. The results partly reflect previous research but highlight the importance of work and fighting spirit in the recovery process. Improvements, such as incentives to employers and interventions which decrease prejudices, are suggested.
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| 4. |
- Stokes, Chris R., et al.
(författare)
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On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets : Recent advances and future challenges
- 2015
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 125, s. 15-49
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets is critical to understanding mechanisms of global climate change and associated sea-level fluctuations in the past, present and future. The significance of palaeo-ice sheets is further underlined by the broad range of disciplines concerned with reconstructing their behaviour, many of which have undergone a rapid expansion since the 1980s. In particular, there has been a major increase in the size and qualitative diversity of empirical data used to reconstruct and date ice sheets, and major improvements in our ability to simulate their dynamics in numerical ice sheet models. These developments have made it increasingly necessary to forge interdisciplinary links between sub-disciplines and to link numerical modelling with observations and dating of proxy records. The aim of this paper is to evaluate recent developments in the methods used to reconstruct ice sheets and outline some key challenges that remain, with an emphasis on how future work might integrate terrestrial and marine evidence together with numerical modelling. Our focus is on pan-ice sheet reconstructions of the last deglaciation, but regional case studies are used to illustrate methodological achievements, challenges and opportunities. Whilst various disciplines have made important progress in our understanding of ice-sheet dynamics, it is clear that data-model integration remains under-used, and that uncertainties remain poorly quantified in both empirically-based and numerical ice-Sheet reconstructions. The representation of past climate will continue to be the largest source of uncertainty for numerical modelling. As such, palaeo-observations are critical to constrain and validate modelling. State-of-the-art numerical models will continue to improve both in model resolution and in the breadth of inclusion of relevant processes, thereby enabling more accurate and more direct comparison with the increasing range of palaeo-observations. Thus, the capability is developing to use all relevant palaeo-records to more strongly constrain deglacial (and to a lesser extent pre-LGM) ice sheet evolution. In working towards that goal, the accurate representation of uncertainties is required for both constraint data and model outputs. Close cooperation between modelling and data-gathering communities is essential to ensure this capability is realised and continues to progress.
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| 5. |
- Estifanos, Benyam, et al.
(författare)
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A PIXE study of clouded plagioclase from southern Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 129, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Ridefelt, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Diurnal variability of total calcium during normal sleep and after an acute shift of sleep
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 50:1, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Serum total calcium is becoming a widely used test when screening for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and other causes of hypercalcemia, even if serum calcium is tightly regulated in the body it is unclear whether the reference values are correct for tests taken at different times of the day or for individuals with altered sleep patterns. Thus, the aim was to investigate how timing of testing and sleep affects serum calcium. Methods: The diurnal variation of total calcium in serum during night-time and day-time conditions was studied in seven healthy volunteers. Serum samples for calcium measurements were collected every hour (48 samples per individual) to evaluate the effect of sampling times, sleep and food intake on the test results. Results: The median intra-individual coefficients of variations for calcium were 3.3% during night-time sleep and 2.8% during day-time sleep conditions. There was a clear diurnal variation in serum calcium, with a trough at 08.00 h in the morning after night-time sleep and a difference of approximately 0.07 mmol/L between trough and peak. Calcium was lower around the end of the sleep periods, for both night-time and day-time sleep. Food intake did not affect calcium concentrations. Conclusions: Evaluation of serum calcium results should take diurnal variation into account and allow slightly higher calcium values in the afternoon in comparison with samples collected in the morning.
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| 7. |
- Zietsman, Grant, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of a Speech-to-Text Recognition System for Air Traffic Control and NATO Air Command
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Internet Technology. - : Angle Publishing Co., Ltd.. - 1607-9264 .- 2079-4029. ; 23:7, s. 1527-1539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accent invariance in speech recognition is a chal- lenging problem especially in the are of aviation. In this paper a speech recognition system is developed to transcribe accented speech between pilots and air traffic controllers. The system allows handling of accents in continuous speech by modelling phonemes using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with Gaussian mixture model (GMM) probability density functions for each state. These phonemes are used to build word models of the NATO phonetic alphabet as well as the numerals 0 to 9 with transcriptions obtained from the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) pronouncing dictionary. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Co-efficients (MFCC) with delta and delta-delta coefficients are used for the feature extraction process. Amplitude normalisation and covariance scaling is implemented to improve recognition accuracy. A word error rate (WER) of 2% for seen speakers and 22% for unseen speakers is obtained.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gorostiaga, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
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Assumption Monitoring ofTemporal Task Planning Using Stream Runtime Verification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal task planning uses formal techniques such as reactive synthesis to guarantee that a robot will succeed in its mission. This technique requires certain explicit and implicit assumptions and simplifications about the operating environment of the robot, including its sensors and capabilities. A robot executing a plan can produce a silent mission failure, where the user may believe that the mission goals were achieved when instead the assumptions were violated at runtime. This entails that mitigation and remediation opportunities are missed. Monitoring at runtime can detect complex assumption violations and identify silent failures, but such monitoring requires the ability to describe and detect sophisticated temporal properties together with quantitative and complex data. Additional challenges include (1) ensuring the correctness of the monitors and a correct interplay between the planning execution and the monitors, and (2) that monitors run under constrained environments in terms of resources. In this paper we propose a solution based on stream runtime verification, which offers a high-level declarative language to describe sophisticated monitors together with guarantees on the execution time and memory usage. We show how monitors can be combined with temporal planning not only to monitor assumptions but also to support mitigation and remediation in UAV missions. We demonstrate our approach both in real and simulated flights for some typical mission scenarios.
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| 10. |
- Gorostiza, S., et al.
(författare)
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Repairing as struggle for narrative justice : The dam failure of Vega de Tera, Spain (1959-2019)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Rethinking Post-Disaster Recovery. - London : Informa UK Limited. ; , s. 87-109
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Around midnight of 9 January 1959, the Vega de Tera dam broke, releasing nearly 8 million cubic metres of water that destroyed the Spanish town of Ribadelago, killing 144 people. To this day, it remains the worst dam-related failure of the past two centuries of Spanish history. In this chapter we expand the time frame of the disaster, moving from a one-day narrative to focus on the processes of reparation during the disaster’s aftermath. We interpret the silence imposed upon the survivors of Ribadelago as a form of narrative injustice, that is, as the ensemble of strategies aiming to normalize/silence environmental injustice while delegitimizing any alternative storytelling. Our case shows how, in the aftermath of the disaster, the efforts of the Francoist dictatorship prioritized anticipating similar disasters and avoiding their repetition, rather than identifying the responsibilities or repairing the victims. In this context, memory emerges as a strategic tool for reclaiming the individual and collective agency of the survivors, as part of a wider process to achieve social repair. By analyzing the long-term recovery process, we argue that the survivors fought to achieve both judicial and narrative reparation.
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