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- Tajkumar, T, et al.
(författare)
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Cervical carcinoma and sexual behavior: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 15,461 women with cervical carcinoma and 29,164 women without cervical carcinoma from 21 epidemiological studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 18:4, s. 1060-1069
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types cause most cervical carcinomas and are sexually transmitted. Sexual behavior therefore affects HPV exposure and its cancer sequelae. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer has combined data on lifetime number of sexual partners and age at first sexual intercourse from 21 studies, or groups of studies, including 10,773 women with invasive cervical carcinoma, 4,688 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3)/carcinoma in situ, and 29,164 women without cervical carcinoma. Relative risks for invasive cancer and CIN3 were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Risk of invasive cervical carcinoma increased with lifetime number of sexual partners (P for linear trend <0.001). The relative risk for > or =6 versus 1 partner, conditioned on age, study, and age at first intercourse, was 2.27 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.98-2.61] and increased to 2.78 (95% CI, 2.22-3.47) after additional conditioning on reproductive factors. The risk of invasive cervical carcinoma increased with earlier age at first intercourse (P for linear trend <0.001). The relative risk for age at first intercourse < or =14 versus > or =25 years, conditioned on age, study, and lifetime number of sexual partners was 3.52 (95% CI, 3.04-4.08), which decreased to 2.05 (95% CI, 1.54-2.73) after additional conditioning on reproductive factors. CIN3/carcinoma in situ showed a similar association with lifetime number of sexual partners; however, the association with age at first intercourse was weaker than for invasive carcinoma. Results should be interpreted with caution given the strong correlation between sexual and reproductive factors and the limited information on HPV status.
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- Rajkumar, T, et al.
(författare)
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Carcinoma of the cervix and tobacco smoking: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 women with carcinoma of the cervix and 23,017 women without carcinoma of the cervix from 23 epidemiological studies - International collaboration of epidemiological studies of cervical cancer
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 118:6, s. 1481-1495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco smoking has been classified as a cause of cervical cancer, but the effect of different patterns of smoking on risk is unclear. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer has brought together and combined individual data on 13,541 women with and 23,017 women without cervical carcinoma, from 23 epidemiological studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of carcinoma of the cervix in relation to tobacco smoking were calculated with stratification by study, age, sexual partners, age at first intercourse, oral contraceptive use and parity. Current smokers had a significantly increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix compared to never smokers (RR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.48-1.73), p < 0.001). There was increased risk for past smokers also, though to a lesser extent (RR = 1.12 (1.01-1.25)), and there was no clear trend with time since stopping smoking (p-trend = 0.6). There was no association between smoking and adenocarcinoma of the cervix (RR = 0.89 (0.74-1.06) and 0.89 (0.72-1.10) for current and past smokers respectively), and the differences between the RRs for smoking and squamous cell and adenocarcinoma were statistically significant (current smoking p < 0.001 and past smoking p = 0.01). In current smokers, the RR of squamous cell carcinoma increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and also with younger age at starting smoking (p < 0.001 for each trend), but not with duration of smoking (p-trend = 0.3). Eight of the studies had tested women for cervical HPV-DNA, and in analyses restricted to women who tested positive, there was a significantly increased risk in current compared to never smokers for squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 1.95 (1.43-2.65)), but not for adenocarcinoma (RR = 1.06 (0.14-7.96)). In summary, smokers are at an increased risk of squamous cell but not of adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The risk of squamous cell carcinoma increases in current smokers with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and with younger age at starting smoking.
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- Falconer, D., et al.
(författare)
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New Air-interface Technologies and Deployment Concepts
- 2006
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Ingår i: Technologies for the Wireless Future: Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF). - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 0470029056 - 9780470029053 ; , s. 131-226
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Rasanen, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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5-aminolaevulinic acid nanoemulsion is more effective than methyl-5-aminolaevulinate in daylight photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis: a nonsponsored randomized double-blind multicentre trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 181:2, s. 265-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) with methyl-5-aminolaevulinate (MAL) is an effective treatment for mild and moderate actinic keratosis (AK). Objectives To assess the clinical efficacy, tolerability and cost-effectiveness of 5-aminolaevulinic acid nanoemulsion (BF-200 ALA) compared with MAL in DL-PDT for grade I-II AKs. Methods This nonsponsored, prospective randomized double-blind multicentre trial included 69 patients with 767 grade I-II AKs located symmetrically on the face or scalp. A single DL-PDT was given in a randomized split-face design. The primary outcome was clearance of the AKs at 12 months as assessed by a blinded observer. The secondary outcomes were pain, treatment reactions, cosmetic outcome and the cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Results In the per-patient (half-face) analysis, clearance was better for the BF-200 ALA sides than for those treated with MAL (P = 0 center dot 008). In total, BF-200 ALA cleared 299/375 AKs (79 center dot 7%) and MAL 288/392 (73 center dot 5%) (P = 0 center dot 041). The treatment was practically painless with both photosensitizers, the mean pain visual analogue scale being 1 center dot 51 for BF-200 ALA and 1 center dot 35 for MAL (P = 0 center dot 061). Twenty-six patients had a stronger skin reaction on the BF-200 ALA side, seven on the MAL side and 23 displayed no difference (P = 0 center dot 001). The cosmetic outcome was excellent or good in > 90% of cases with both photosensitizers (P = 1 center dot 000). The cost-effectiveness plane showed that the costs of DL-PDT were similar for both photosensitizers, but the effectiveness was slightly higher for BF-200 ALA. Conclusions Our results indicate that BF-200 ALA is more effective than MAL in DL-PDT for grade I-II AKs. BF-200 ALA provides slightly better value for money than MAL.
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- Vesikari, Timo, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine.
- 2006
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Ingår i: N Engl J Med. - 1533-4406. ; 354:1, s. 23-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is a leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis and death worldwide. METHODS: We studied healthy infants approximately 6 to 12 weeks old who were randomly assigned to receive three oral doses of live pentavalent human-bovine (WC3 strain) reassortant rotavirus vaccine containing human serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, and P[8] or placebo at 4-to-10-week intervals in a blinded fashion. Active surveillance was used to identify subjects with serious adverse and other events. RESULTS: The 34,035 infants in the vaccine group and 34,003 in the placebo group were monitored for serious adverse events. Intussusception occurred in 12 vaccine recipients and 15 placebo recipients within one year after the first dose including six vaccine recipients and five placebo recipients within 42 days after any dose (relative risk, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 6.4). The vaccine reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis occurring 14 or more days after the third dose by 94.5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 91.2 to 96.6 percent). In a nested substudy, efficacy against any G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis through the first full rotavirus season after vaccination was 74.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66.8 to 79.9 percent); efficacy against severe gastroenteritis was 98.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 88.3 to 100 percent). The vaccine reduced clinic visits for G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis by 86.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 73.9 to 92.5 percent). CONCLUSIONS: This vaccine was efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis, decreasing severe disease and health care contacts. The risk of intussusception was similar in vaccine and placebo recipients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00090233.) Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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- Autioniemi, J, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent Road
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Project Intelligent Road is a common effort of four main partners: Rovaniemi University of Applied Sciences (RAMK), Luleå Technical University (LTU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Kaakkois-Suomen ELY-keskus (KaS ELY) – and representatives of business sector of the region. The overall objective of the project is to support the development of business community in Northern Scandinavian region by testing and improvement of existing innovative products concerned with road safety provision in Nordic weather conditions. The specific objective of the project is to create a demo of sustainable and marketable Intelligent Road System providing location-based short-term road weather information to the road user passing by the area. Target Groups, which are directly and positively affected by the project are businesses and above mentioned project partners. All these actors have exclusive know-how in the area and are each equally important for the implementation of the project and its success. Final beneficiaries of this project are business community of the Northern Scandinavian Region; Ministry of Transport and Communications of Finland, represented by KaS ELY and Finnish Transport Safety Agency; Swedish Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications; and of course local municipalities, as Luleå Municipality, and road users.
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