| 1. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Goi, K. L. S., et al.
(författare)
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Elastic modulus of sintered porous Ti-Si-Zr, using activation by Ti-Si mechanically alloyed powder and TiH2 powder
- 2008
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 475:1-2, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel biomaterial based on Ti-Si-Zr was developed using the sintering process with a composition targeting at a bulk modulus in the same range as that of human bone, i.e. 10-30 GPa. Control of porosity should also be possible to allow for the promotion osseointegration. The sintering procedure involves the use of mechanically alloyed Ti-Si-powder, and TiH2, to promote bonding, but not consolidation. The effect of porosity on the bulk modulus using compression testing is investigated. The influence of sintering temperature, heating rate, and amount and size of the TiH2-activator on porosity are also investigated. The achievable bulk modulus was in the range of 20-55 GPa at porosity levels ranging from 16% to 54%. Porosity had a profound influence on the bulk modulus, and the choice of appropriate processing conditions enables the creation of an engineered porosity and bulk modulus primarily by varying the sintering temperature and the size of the TiH2-powder particles. © 2007.
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| 4. |
- He, G. S., et al.
(författare)
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Stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg Scattering From a Two-Photon Absorbing CdSe-CdS-ZnS Quantum-Rods System : Optical Power Limiting and Phase-Conjugation
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 44:9-10, s. 894-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports the properties of stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering (SRBS) from a two-photon absorbing CdSe-Cds-ZnS quantum-rods (QRs) solution in chloroform, excited by 1064-nm and similar to 13-ns laser pulses. The two-photon absorbing capability of the scattering medium, as well as the pump threshold, spectral structure, and pulse waveforms of the backward stimulated scattering were measured. Comparing to a pure solvent or an organic dye-solution, the semiconductor QR system has many advantages such as the lower pump threshold, higher energy transfer efficiency, and better photo-physical and photo-chemical stability. The measured output/input characteristic curve shows that the backward SRBS can enhance the optical power limiting performance that is based on two-photon absorption, backward stimulated scattering, and other nonlinear absorption mechanisms. In addition, the backward SRBS beam from our sample medium exhibits a fairly good optical phase-conjugation capability, so that the distortion influence from an inserted aberrator can be automatically removed.
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| 5. |
- Hu, R., et al.
(författare)
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Metallic Nanostructures as Localized Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Scattering Probes for Multiplex Dark-Field Targeted Imaging of Cancer Cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:7, s. 2676-2684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we report the use of bioconjugated gold nanorods and silver nanoparticles as targeted localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced scattering probes for dark-field multiplex and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of pancreatic cancer cells. We take advantage of the spectrally widely separated localized plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods and silver nanoparticles which produce wavelength selective plasmon resonance scattering to allow multiplex imaging with high contrast. When the surfaces are functionalized, aqueous dispersions of bioconjugated gold nanorods and silver nanoparticles are prepared. We demonstrate receptor-mediated delivery of bioconjugated gold nanorods and silver nanoparticles simultaneously into pancreatic cancer cells, using multiplexed dark-field microscopy technique. We also show that the bioconjugated metallic nanostructures can be used for high-contrast TEM imaging as well.
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| 6. |
- Lindén, Sara K., 1974, et al.
(författare)
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MUC1 limits Helicobacter pylori infection both by steric hindrance and by acting as a releasable decoy.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374. ; 5:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterium Helicobacter pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. The cell-surface mucin MUC1 is a large glycoprotein which is highly expressed on the mucosal surface and limits the density of H. pylori in a murine infection model. We now demonstrate that by using the BabA and SabA adhesins, H. pylori bind MUC1 isolated from human gastric cells and MUC1 shed into gastric juice. Both H. pylori carrying these adhesins, and beads coated with MUC1 antibodies, induced shedding of MUC1 from MKN7 human gastric epithelial cells, and shed MUC1 was found bound to H. pylori. Shedding of MUC1 from non-infected cells was not mediated by the known MUC1 sheddases ADAM17 and MMP-14. However, knockdown of MMP-14 partially affected MUC1 release early in infection, whereas ADAM17 had no effect. Thus, it is likely that shedding is mediated both by proteases and by disassociation of the non-covalent interaction between the alpha- and beta-subunits. H. pylori bound more readily to MUC1 depleted cells even when the bacteria lacked the BabA and SabA adhesins, showing that MUC1 inhibits attachment even when bacteria cannot bind to the mucin. Bacteria lacking both the BabA and SabA adhesins caused less apoptosis in MKN7 cells than wild-type bacteria, having a greater effect than deletion of the CagA pathogenicity gene. Deficiency of MUC1/Muc1 resulted in increased epithelial cell apoptosis, both in MKN7 cells in vitro, and in H. pylori infected mice. Thus, MUC1 protects the epithelium from non-MUC1 binding bacteria by inhibiting adhesion to the cell surface by steric hindrance, and from MUC1-binding bacteria by acting as a releasable decoy.
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| 8. |
- Wakelee, Heather A., et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer incidence in never smokers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 25:5, s. 472-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although smoking remains the predominant cause of lung cancer, lung cancer in never smokers is an increasingly prominent public health issue. However, data on this topic, particularly lung cancer incidence rates in never smokers, are limited. METHODS: We reviewed the existing literature on lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among never smokers and present new data regarding rates in never smokers from the following large, prospective cohorts: Nurses' Health Study; Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; California Teachers Study; Multiethnic Cohort Study; Swedish Lung Cancer Register in the Uppsala/Orebro region; and First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. RESULTS: Truncated age-adjusted incidence rates of lung cancer among never smokers age 40 to 79 years in these six cohorts ranged from 14.4 to 20.8 per 100,000 person-years in women and 4.8 to 13.7 per 100,000 person-years in men, supporting earlier observations that women are more likely than men to have non-smoking-associated lung cancer. The distinct biology of lung cancer in never smokers is apparent in differential responses to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and an increased prevalence of adenocarcinoma histology in never smokers. CONCLUSION: Lung cancer in never smokers is an important public health issue, and further exploration of its incidence patterns, etiology, and biology is needed.
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