| 1. |
- Kanis, J A, et al.
(författare)
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The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 18:8, s. 1033-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMMARY: BMD and clinical risk factors predict hip and other osteoporotic fractures. The combination of clinical risk factors and BMD provide higher specificity and sensitivity than either alone. INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESES: To develop a risk assessment tool based on clinical risk factors (CRFs) with and without BMD. METHODS: Nine population-based studies were studied in which BMD and CRFs were documented at baseline. Poisson regression models were developed for hip fracture and other osteoporotic fractures, with and without hip BMD. Fracture risk was expressed as gradient of risk (GR, risk ratio/SD change in risk score). RESULTS: CRFs alone predicted hip fracture with a GR of 2.1/SD at the age of 50 years and decreased with age. The use of BMD alone provided a higher GR (3.7/SD), and was improved further with the combined use of CRFs and BMD (4.2/SD). For other osteoporotic fractures, the GRs were lower than for hip fracture. The GR with CRFs alone was 1.4/SD at the age of 50 years, similar to that provided by BMD (GR = 1.4/SD) and was not markedly increased by the combination (GR = 1.4/SD). The performance characteristics of clinical risk factors with and without BMD were validated in eleven independent population-based cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The models developed provide the basis for the integrated use of validated clinical risk factors in men and women to aid in fracture risk prediction.
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| 2. |
- Yamada, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the amount of the proton injected into tungsten oxide thin films during deposition using spectroscopic ellipsometry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 515:7-8, s. 3825-3829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tungsten oxide thin films injected with protons (HxWO3) during deposition were prepared on glass substrates using reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering in a mixture of argon, oxygen, and hydrogen gases. The as-deposited films were bronze. The amount of injected protons, namely the x-value in HxWO3, was estimated using the dispersion of the extinction coefficient (κ). The dispersion was evaluated by analyzing the experimental spectra measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry and optical photometry using the model composed of a homogeneous tungsten bronze layer with an additional surface roughness layer. As a result of analysis, the x-value was estimated to be approximately 0.1.
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| 3. |
- Hoffmann, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Melt synthesis of Al2TiO5 containing composites and reinvestigation of the phase diagram Al2O3-TiO2 by powder X-ray diffraction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Electroceramics. - 1573-8663 .- 1385-3449. ; 16:4, s. 327-330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently the fabrication of ceramics starting from the appropriate melts of the educts has attracted increasing attention due to the easy shaping of work pieces and other advantages compared to powder sintering methods. We focused our interest on aluminum titanate (beta-Al2TiO5) based ceramics which are interesting for high temperature applications due to the low thermal expansion coefficient. For this purpose we have investigated the titania-rich side of the Al2O3-TiO2 system (up to 50 mol% titania) under rapid cooling conditions with respect to the phase formation. By powder X-ray diffraction we could prove the solely formation of the known phases rutile and beta-Al2TiO5 in agreement with the equilibrium phase diagram. Furthermore, powder pattern fitting has revealed the formation of solid solutions for both compounds.
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| 4. |
- Hoffmann, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Structural models for intergrowth structures in the phase system Al2O3-TiO2
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 178:9, s. 2897-2906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase system Al2O3-TiO2 was investigated in the compositional range from 48:52 to 62:38 mol% Al2O3:TiO2. The samples were prepared by melting the binary oxides in an arc-imaging furnace and the obtained samples were examined by powder X-ray diffraction. The recorded powder patterns could be interpreted in terms of intergrowth structures consisting of two basic building blocks, which were deduced from the known crystal structures of beta-Al2TiO5 and Al6Ti2O13. The structure of a new ordered compound with the formula Al16Ti5O34 is proposed. The thermal stability was estimated from DTA and tempering experiments and showed that all prepared samples decompose at temperatures around 800 degrees C into the binary oxides corundum and titania.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Norberg, Stefan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Al6Ti2O13, a new phase in the Al2O3-TiO2 system
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications. - 0108-2701 .- 1600-5759. ; 61:3, s. i35-i8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compound Al6Ti2O13 (hexaaluminium dititanium tridecaoxide) has been synthesized using an arc-imaging furnace, which allows fast cooling of melted oxides. The structure consists of infinite double chains of polyhedra running along the c axis. These chains are built up by four kinds of strongly distorted oxygen octahedra randomly occupied by either Ti or Al (point symmetry m or m2m), and by trigonal bipyramids exclusively occupied by A1 (point symmetry m2m).
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| 7. |
- Norberg, Stefan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Redetermination of beta-Al2TiO5 obtained by melt casting
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online. - 1600-5368. ; 61:8, s. i160-i162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- beta-Al2TiO5 (dialuminium titanium pentaoxide), grown by rapid cooling of a melt of equimolar amounts of Al2O3 and TiO2, adopts the same overall structure as that crystallized by more conventional methods, such as sintering. Nevertheless, reinvestigation of this structure has resulted in an improved structure model with previously unknown site preferences determined. Ti prefers the slightly more regular 4c octahedral site, leaving more room for Al at the 8f octahedral site. The formula has been determined as ([4c])[Al-0.626 ((7)) Ti-0.374 ((7))]([8f])- [Al-0.687 ((3)) Ti-0.313 ((3))](2)O-5.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Yamada, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Antidazzle effect of switchable mirrors prepared on substrates with rough surface
- 2008
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 92:12, s. 1617-1620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the antidazzle effect of switchable mirrors, mirrors based on a magnesium-nickel alloy were prepared on three kinds of transparent substrates with different surface roughness. The mirrors prepared using a direct-current magnetron sputtering method have nearly the same surface morphology and roughness as the underlying substrates. The diffuse fraction of the total reflectance of the mirrors increases with surface roughness of the mirrors. Thus. by utilizing substrates with rough surfaces, the specular reflectance of the mirrors decreases and consequently it is possible to prepare switchable mirrors with an antidazzle effect.
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