| 1. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
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| 3. |
- Kushnir, Mark M., et al.
(författare)
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High-Sensitivity Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Serum Estrone and Estradiol
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. - 0002-9173 .- 1943-7722. ; 129:4, s. 530-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-sensitivity measurement of serum estrogens is important in adult and pediatric endocrinology and oncology. We developed a high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for simultaneous measurement of estrone (E-1) and estradiol (E-2). Aliquots of 200 mu L of serum were spiked with internal standard, extracted, derivatized with dansyl chloride, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using 2-dimensional chromatographic separation. Total imprecision for the method was less than 11%; the limit of quantitation was 1 pg/mL. Reference intervals were established with samples from more than 900 healthy postmenopausal women, men, girls, and boys. Concentrations of estrogens in children reached adult levels by Tanner stage 3. In men and postmenopausal women, the median concentrations of total estrogens (E-1 + E-2) were 39 and 22 pg/mL, and the median E-2/E-1 ratios were 0.98 and 0.55, respectively. The method requires a small sample volume and has adequate sensitivity and specificity for analyzing estrogens in samples from postmenopausal women, men, and children.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Zeng, Qiao-Shi, et al.
(författare)
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Substitutional alloy of Ce and Al
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:8, s. 2515-2518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of substitutional alloys has been restricted to elements with similar atomic radii and electronegativity. Using high-pressure at 298 K, we synthesized a face-centered cubic disordered alloy of highly dissimilar elements (large Ce and small Al atoms) by compressing the Ce3Al intermetallic compound > 15 GPa or the Ce3Al metallic glass > 25 GPa. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Ce L-3-edge absorption spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations revealed that the pressure-induced Kondo volume collapse and 4f electron delocalization of Ce reduced the differences between Ce and Al and brought them within the Hume-Rothery (HR) limit for substitutional alloying. The alloy remained after complete release of pressure, which was also accompanied by the transformation of Ce back to its ambient 4f electron localized state and reversal of the Kondo volume collapse, resulting in a non-HR alloy at ambient conditions.
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| 6. |
- Fu, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Design of semiconductor CdSe core ZnS/CdS multishell quantum dots for multiphoton applications
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 90:17, s. 173102-1-173102-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical properties of colloidal II-VI semiconductor CdSe cores with ZnS and CdS multishell quantum dots (QDs) have been studied by experimental characterization and theoretical analysis. Due to the large number of energy states densely compacted in both conduction and valence bands of the quantum dots, strong interband and intraband optical couplings are induced by the multiphoton excitation, implicating an efficient fluorescence of such II-VI-based core-multishell CdSe QDs. This fact in combination with the advantage of the size tolerance of II-VI QDs with respect to the narrow fluorescence bandwidth make these systems excellent candidates for applications using fluorescence induced by multiphoton excitation.
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| 7. |
- Garrison, Sean P, et al.
(författare)
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Selection against PUMA gene expression in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomagenesis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular biology. - 1098-5549. ; 28:17, s. 5391-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The p53 tumor suppressor pathway limits oncogenesis by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. A key p53 target gene is PUMA, which encodes a BH3-only proapoptotic protein. Here we demonstrate that Puma deletion in the Emu-Myc mouse model of Burkitt lymphoma accelerates lymphomagenesis and that approximately 75% of Emu-Myc lymphomas naturally select against Puma protein expression. Furthermore, approximately 40% of primary human Burkitt lymphomas fail to express detectable levels of PUMA and in some tumors this is associated with DNA methylation. Burkitt lymphoma cell lines phenocopy the primary tumors with respect to DNA methylation and diminished PUMA expression, which can be reactivated following inhibition of DNA methyltransferases. These findings establish that PUMA is silenced in human malignancies, and they suggest PUMA as a target for the development of novel chemotherapeutics.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ohlsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Noscapine may increase the effect of warfarin
- 2008
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Ingår i: British journal of clinical pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2125 .- 0306-5251. ; 65:2, s. 277-278
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Rich, Rebecca L., et al.
(författare)
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A global benchmark study using affinity-based biosensors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 386:2, s. 194-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the variability in biosensor studies, 150 participants from 20 countries were given the same protein samples and asked to determine kinetic rate constants for the interaction. We chose a protein system that was amenable to analysis using different biosensor platforms as well as by users of different expertise levels. The two proteins (a 50-kDa Fab and a 60-kDa glutathione S-transferase [GST] antigen) form a relatively high-affinity complex, so participants needed to optimize several experimental parameters, including ligand immobilization and regeneration conditions as well as analyte concentrations and injection/dissociation times. Although most participants collected binding responses that could be fit to yield kinetic parameters, the quality of a few data sets could have been improved by optimizing the assay design. Once these outliers were removed, the average reported affinity across the remaining panel of participants was 620 pM with a standard deviation of 980 pM. These results demonstrate that when this biosensor assay was designed and executed appropriately, the reported rate constants were consistent, and independent of which protein was immobilized and which biosensor was used.
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