| 1. |
- Samimi-Rad, K., et al.
(författare)
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Patient-to-Patient Transmission of Hepatitis C at Iranian Thalassemia Centers Shown by Genetic Characterization of Viral Strains
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hepatitis Monthly. - : Briefland. - 1735-143X .- 1735-3408. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hepatitis C is prevalent among thalassemia patients in Iran. It is mainly transfusion mediated, in particular among patients treated before 1996 when blood screening was introduced. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate why patients still seroconvert to anti-HCV in Iranian thalassemia centers. Patients and Methods: During 2006-2007 sera were sampled from 217 anti-HCV positive thalassemia patients at nine thalassemia centers in Tehran and Amol city, where 34 (16%) patients had been infected after 1996. The HCV subtype could be determined by sequencing and .NCR-core region in 130 strains׳5 phylogenetic analysis of partial NS5B and/or Results: 1a (53%) was predominant followed by 3a (30%), 1b (15%), and one strain each of 2k, 3k and 4a. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 19 clades with up to ve strains diverging with less than six nucleotides from each other within subtypes 1a and 3a. Strains in seven cla des were from nine patients infected between 1999 and 2005 and similar to strains from eight patients infected before 1996, indicating ongoin g transmission at the centers. Further epidemiological investigation revealed that 28 patients infected with strains within the same clade had frequently been transfused at the same shift sitting on the same bed. An additional eight patients with related strains had frequently bee n transfused simultaneously in the same room. Conclusions: The results suggest nosocomial transmission at these thalassemia centers both before and after the introduction of blood screening. Further training of sta and strict adherence to preventive measures are thus essential to reduce the incidence of new HCV infections.
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| 2. |
- Eyrich, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of substitution on the exchange stiffness and magnetization of Co films
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:23, s. 235408-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An antiferromagnetically coupled FM/NM/FM (FM = ferromagnet, NM = normal metal) trilayer structure responds to an external magnetic field by the formation of a magnetic-moment spring within the FM layers. We show that the exchange stiffness (A ex) of an FM layer can be determined by fitting the field-dependent magnetization, M(H), of the FM/NM/FM trilayer to a micromagnetic model. Using this method, we have measured the exchange stiffness of thin-film Co alloyed with Cr, Fe, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Ru. The results show that the rate at which a substituent element reduces the exchange stiffness is not directly related to its effect on the magnetization of the alloy. The observed trends have been understood by material-specific modeling based on density functional theory within the local density approximation. The stiffness measurements are in agreement with Brillouin light scattering carried out on thicker Co films.
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| 3. |
- Fereidunian, A., et al.
(författare)
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AAHES: A hybrid expert system realization of adaptive autonomy for Smart Grid
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe, ISGT Europe 2010; Gothenburg; Sweden; 11 October 2010 through 13 October 2010. - 9781424485109 ; , s. Art. no. 5638929-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart grid expectations objectify the need for optimizing power distribution systems greater than ever. Distribution Automation (DA) is an integral part of the SG solution; however, disregarding human factors in the DA systems can make it more problematic than beneficial. As a consequence, Human-Automation Interaction (HAI) theories can be employed to optimize the DA systems in a human-centered manner. Earlier we introduced a novel framework for the realization of Adaptive Autonomy (AA) concept in the power distribution network using expert systems. This research presents a hybrid expert system for the realization of AA, using both Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Logistic Regression (LR) models, referred to as AAHES, respectively. AAHES uses neural networks and logistic regression as an expert system inference engine. This system fuses LR and ANN models' outputs which will results in a progress, comparing to both individual models. The practical list of environmental conditions and superior experts' judgments are used as the expert systems database. Since training samples will affect the expert systems performance, the AAHES is implemented using six different training sets. Finally, the results are interpreted in order to find the best training set. As revealed by the results, the presented AAHES can effectively determine the proper level of automation for changing the performance shaping factors of the HAI systems in the smart grid environment.
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| 4. |
- Shafiei, M., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of ethanol production from spruce wood chips by ionic liquid pretreatment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 102, s. 163-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pretreatment with three green cellulose solvents, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][OAc]) were used for improvement of ethanol production. Spruce chips and powder were pretreated at 120 °C for 1, 3, and 15 h. In order to investigate the efficiency of the pretreatments, the pretreated materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C for 72 h, followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 32 °C for 24 h. The best results were obtained from 15 h pretreatment with [EMIM][OAc]. The ethanol yield from the untreated spruce chips and powder were 2.7% and 9.7% of the maximum theoretical yield, respectively, whereas pretreatment of these materials with [EMIM][OAc] improved the ethanol yield to 66.8% and 81.5%, respectively.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bidgoli, H., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose superabsorbents from waste textiles Fibers and Polymers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fibers And Polymers. - : Springer. - 1229-9197 .- 1875-0052. ; 15:3, s. 431-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of superabsorbent polymers from cotton and viscose waste textiles was investigated. The cellulose wastes were carboxymethylated, crosslinked by divinylsulfone, and then converted to superabsorbent material using air-drying, freeze-drying, or air-drying after phase inversion. The separation of cellulose from synthetic polymers in the textile (polyester) was carried out by direct dissolution of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), or separation by dissolution in water after carboxymethylation of the textiles. The progress of the carboxymethylation reaction was evaluated by measurement of the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The DS values of 0.50–0.86 confirmed the prosperous substitution of hydrophilic carboxymethyl groups into the cellulosic chains. The water binding capacity and the swelling rate of the superabsorbents prepared under different conditions were measured. Under the best condition the superabsorbent obtained from waste textiles showed an ultimate water binding capacity of 541 g/g which was notably higher than that of the reference superabsorbent derived from cotton linter (470 g/g). The amount of absorbed water by this product exceeded that of the reference sample after 60 min immersion.
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| 7. |
- Cele, Zamani E. D., et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic asymmetric carbon-carbon bond forming reactions catalyzed by tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) N,N '-dioxide ligands
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0957-4166 .- 1362-511X. ; 24:4, s. 191-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of TIQ-N,N'-dioxide ligands in asymmetric C-C bond forming reactions is described. In the Michael addition of cyclohexane-1,3-dione and malonates to beta,gamma-unsaturated alpha-ketoesters, excellent yields (up to 93%) and moderate to good enantioselectivities (70-89% ee) were obtained. The catalytic hetero-ene reaction of 2-methoxypropene with phenylglyoxal gave the ene product in excellent yield (95%) with moderate enantioselectivity (77% ee). The catalyst system performed well at temperatures ranging from 0 to 30 degrees C and relatively low catalyst loading (0.2-5 mol %) with dichloromethane being the preferred solvent for all reactions.
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| 8. |
- Chakka, Sai Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric conjugate addition of thioglycolate to a range of chalcones using tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) N,N '-dioxide ligands
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0957-4166 .- 1362-511X. ; 23:8, s. 616-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of novel TIQ based N,N'-oxide ligands were synthesised and screened for their catalytic activity in the enantioselective conjugate addition of thioglycolate to chalcones. Bulky groups on the side chain of the TIQ backbone provided the highest enantioselectivity of up to 88% with 10 mol % catalyst loading. It was also observed that these reactions proceeded optimally in the presence of dichloromethane as a solvent. Screening of various metals emphasized La(OTf)(3) as the ideal pre-catalyst for this particular reaction.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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