| 1. |
- Beerman, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Functionally distinct hematopoietic stem cells modulate hematopoietic lineage potential during aging by a mechanism of clonal expansion
- 2010
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:12, s. 5465-5470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment is believed to contribute to the onset of a variety of age-dependent blood cell pathophysiologies. Mechanistic drivers of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging include DNA damage accumulation and induction of tumor suppressor pathways that combine to reduce the regenerative capacity of aged HSCs. Such mechanisms do not however account for the change in lymphoid and myeloid lineage potential characteristic of HSC aging, which is believed to be central to the decline of immune competence and predisposition to myelogenous diseases in the elderly. Here we have prospectively isolated functionally distinct HSC clonal subtypes, based on cell surface phenotype, bearing intrinsically different capacities to differentiate toward lymphoid and myeloid effector cells mediated by quantitative differences in lineage priming. Finally, we present data supporting a model in which clonal expansion of a class of intrinsically myeloid-biased HSCs with robust self-renewal potential is a central component of hematopoietic aging.
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| 2. |
- Månsson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell analysis of the common lymphoid progenitor compartment reveals functional and molecular heterogeneity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 115:13, s. 2601-2609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate molecular events involved in the regulation of lymphoid lineage commitment, we crossed lambda 5 reporter transgenic mice to Rag1-GFP knockin mice. This allowed us to subfractionate common lymphoid progenitors and pre-pro-B (fraction A) cells into lambda 5(-)Rag1(low), lambda 5(-)Rag1(high), and lambda 5(+)Rag1(high) cells. Clonal in vitro differentiation analysis demonstrated that Rag1(low) cells gave rise to B/T and NK cells. Rag1(high) cells displayed reduced NK-cell potential with preserved capacity to generate B- and T-lineage cells, whereas the lambda 5(+) cells were B-lineage restricted. Ebf1 and Pax5 expression was largely confined to the Rag1high populations. These cells also expressed a higher level of the surface protein LY6D, providing an additional tool for the analysis of early lymphoid development. These data suggest that the classic common lymphoid progenitor compartment composes a mixture of cells with relatively restricted lineage potentials, thus opening new possibilities to investigate early hematopoiesis.
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| 3. |
- Zandi, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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Load and lock: the molecular mechanisms of B-lymphocyte commitment
- 2010
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Ingår i: IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0105-2896. ; 238:1, s. 47-62
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maturation of B-lymphoid cells from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow is a complex process under control of interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In addition to serving as a model for normal cell differentiation, disturbances in this process results in immunodeficiencies and malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma, making the subject of high relevance for modern medicine. Although the process of B lymphopoiesis has been under intense investigation, recent methodological developments within the area of cell sorting, genome-wide expression, and DNA-binding analysis has allowed for a rapid development of the understanding of B-lymphocyte differentiation. This has suggested that the path to B-lymphoid cell fate may be initiated by lineage priming reflected in the expression of lymphoid associated genes already in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. Upon differentiation, the gene expression profile is changed to involve an increasing number of B-lineage-restricted genes linked to loss of alternative developmental potentials and B-lineage commitment. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of early B-lymphoid development and aims to provide an up to date summary of the current status of the research area.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Zandi, Sasan
(författare)
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What’s in a name? : Sub-fractionation of common lymphoid progenitors
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The hematopoietic system is a highly dynamic organ developed in many multi-cellular organisms to provide oxygen, prevent bleeding and to protect against microorganisms. The blood consist of many different specialized cells that all derive from rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) located in the bone marrow in mice and humans. Blood cell production from HSCs occurs in a stepwise manner through development of intermediate progenitors that gradually loose lineage potentials. This is a tightly regulated process with complex regulatory mechanisms and many checkpoints that ensure a high and balanced production of blood cells. One of the fundamental questions in hematopoiesis relates to how the maturation of the cells is controlled and driven towards defined cell fates. The understanding of these processes is largely facilitated by isolation of intermediate populations of cells at defined stages of development.This thesis is focused on the regulatory mechanisms that regulate the maturation of B-lymphocytes constituting an important part of adaptive immunity by being responsible for the production of antibodies. It has been suggested that all the lymphoid cells have a common lineage restricted ancestor defined as a Lin-KitloSca1loFlt3+IL7R+ common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). These cells are believed retain the combined potentials for B, T and NK cells and it has been presumed that commitment of CLPs to B lineage is associated with expression of CD19 and B220 on progenitor B-cells.The aim of this thesis has been to identify the point of no return in B-cell development in order to allow for a better understanding of lineage restriction events in early lymphopoesis.To this end, we have used reporter transgenic mice where marker gene expression has been controlled by the transcription regulatory elements from one early lymphoid marker (Rag1) and one B-lymphoid restricted gene (λ5, Igll1). This allowed us to identify three functionally distinct sub-populations within the conventional CLP compartment. The cells were identified as CLPRaglowλ5- cells retaining B, T, Nk and a limited myeloid potential while up-regulation of Rag1 to generate CLPRaghighλ5- cells, was associated with loss of Nk potential as well as of the residual myeloid potential. Ultimately expression of λ5 in the CLPRag1highλ5+ compartment identifies the first committed B cells. Hence, our data suggest that the point of no return in B-cell development can be found within the CD19- CLP compartment. Using this new model for B-cell development, we investigated the instructive vs. permissive role of IL7 signaling in B cell commitment. Our results show that in absence of IL7, CLP maturation is impaired and generation of the earliest committed B-lineage cells is severely impaired. CLP maturation could not be rescued by ectopic expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein even though the cells were able to generate normal B lineage cells after restoration of the IL7 signal. These findings suggest that Il7 is crucial for the maturation of lineage restricted CLPs and provide support for an instructive role of IL7 in early Bcell development.This thesis highlights the importance of precise identification of the point of commitment in B cell development and provides insight to the hematopoietic hierarchical model with the potential to serve as a map to better understand the mechanisms of hematopoietic disorders.
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| 6. |
- Zetterblad, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Genomics based analysis of interactions between developing B-lymphocytes and stromal cells reveal complex interactions and two-way communication
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 11:108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of functional genomics has largely increased our understanding of cell biology and promises to help the development of systems biology needed to understand the complex order of events that regulates cellular differentiation in vivo. One model system clearly dependent on the integration of extra and intra cellular signals is the development of B-lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This developmental pathway involves several defined differentiation stages associated with specific expression of genes including surface markers that can be used for the prospective isolation of the progenitor cells directly from the bone marrow to allow for ex vivo gene expression analysis. The developmental process can be simulated in vitro making it possible to dissect information about cell/cell communication as well as to address the relevance of communication pathways in a rather direct manner. Thus we believe that B-lymphocyte development represents a useful model system to take the first steps towards systems biology investigations in the bone marrow. Results: In order to identify extra cellular signals that promote B lymphocyte development we created a database with approximately 400 receptor ligand pairs and software matching gene expression data from two cell populations to obtain information about possible communication pathways. Using this database and gene expression data from NIH3T3 cells (unable to support B cell development), OP-9 cells (strongly supportive of B cell development), pro-B and pre-B cells as well as mature peripheral B-lineage cells, we were able to identify a set of potential stage and stromal cell restricted communication pathways. Functional analysis of some of these potential ways of communication allowed us to identify BMP-4 as a potent stimulator of B-cell development in vitro. Further, the analysis suggested that there existed possibilities for progenitor B cells to send signals to the stroma. The functional consequences of this were investigated by co-culture experiments revealing that the co-incubation of stromal cells with B cell progenitors altered both the morphology and the gene expression pattern in the stromal cells. Conclusions: We believe that this gene expression data analysis method allows for the identification of functionally relevant interactions and therefore could be applied to other data sets to unravel novel communication pathways.
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| 7. |
- Åhsberg, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-7-induced Stat-5 Acts in Synergy with Flt-3 Signaling to Stimulate Expansion of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. - : The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258. ; 285:47, s. 36275-36284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of lymphoid cells from bone marrow progenitors is dictated by interplay between internal cues such as transcription factors and external signals like the cytokines Flt-3 ligand and Il-7. These proteins are both of large importance for normal lymphoid development; however, it is unclear if they act in direct synergy to expand a transient Il-7R(+)Flt-3(+) population or if the collaboration is created through sequential activities. We report here that Flt-3L and Il-7 synergistically stimulated the expansion of primary Il-7R(+)Flt-3(+) progenitor cells and a hematopoietic progenitor cell line ectopically expressing the receptors. The stimulation resulted in a reduced expression of pro-apoptotic genes and also mediated survival of primary progenitor cells in vitro. However, functional analysis of single cells suggested that the anti-apoptotic effect was additive indicating that the synergy observed mainly depends on stimulation of proliferation. Analysis of downstream signaling events suggested that although Il-7 induced Stat-5 phosphorylation, Flt-3L caused activation of the ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Flt-3L could also drive proliferation in synergy with ectopically expressed constitutively active Stat-5. This synergy could be inhibited with either receptor tyrosine kinase or MAPK inhibitors suggesting that Flt-3L and Il-7 act in synergy by activation of independent signaling pathways to expand early hematopoietic progenitors.
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