| 1. |
- Joensuu, Heikki, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with or without adjuvant trastuzumab in the Finland Capecitabine Trial (FinXX)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:2, s. 186-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLittle information is available about survival outcomes of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer treated with adjuvant capecitabine-containing chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab.Patients and methodsOne thousand and five hundred patients with early breast cancer were entered to the Finland Capecitabine trial (FinXX) between January 2004 and May 2007, and were randomly assigned to receive either three cycles of adjuvant TX (docetaxel, capecitabine) followed by three cycles of CEX (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, capecitabine; TX-CEX) or three cycles of docetaxel followed by three cycles of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fluorouracil; T-CEF). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). The study protocol was amended in May 2005 while study accrual was ongoing to allow adjuvant trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive cancer. Of the 284 patients with HER2-positive cancer accrued to FinXX, 176 (62.0%) received trastuzumab after amending the study protocol, 131 for 12 months and 45 for nine weeks. The median follow-up time was 6.7 years.ResultsPatients with HER2-positive cancer who received trastuzumab had better RFS than those who did not (five-year RFS 89.2% vs. 75.9%; HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 -0.72; p = 0.001). Patients treated with trastuzumab for 12 months or nine weeks had similar RFS. There was no significant interaction between trastuzumab administration and the type of chemotherapy. Four (2.3%) patients treated with trastuzumab had heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction, three of these received capecitabine.ConclusionAdjuvant trastuzumab improves RFS of patients treated with TX-CEX or T-CEF. Few patients had cardiac failure.
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| 2. |
- Ovaskainen, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Towards superhydrophobic coatings made by non-fluorinated polymers sprayed from a supercritical solution
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Supercritical Fluids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8446 .- 1872-8162. ; 77, s. 134-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to create a superhydrophobic surface using polymers that are non-fluorinated and applying them to a surface via rapid expansion of a supercritical solution (RESS). Solubility studies of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and a statistical copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl pivalate (P(VAc-VPi))in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) were carried out using an extraction procedure. It was found that the most suitable process parameters for spraying these polymers using the RESS technique were 30 MPa, 40 degrees C and 10% (v/v) acetone as a co-solvent. The surfaces produced were characterized in terms of their morphology and hydrophobic properties by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements, respectively. The most hydrophobic surfaces were obtained by spraying the P(VAc-VPi) copolymers, giving advancing water contact angles in the range of 120-155 degrees due to the hydrophobic character of the polymer and the microstructure formed with the RESS technique. These results show great promise for the creation of superhydrophobic surfaces using non-fluorinated polymers applied to surfaces via RESS technique.
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| 3. |
- Vedung, Evert
(författare)
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Fire evalueringsbølger
- 2016
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Ingår i: Evaluering af offentlig politik og administration. - Köpenhamn : Hans Reitzels Forlag. ; , s. 37-68
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Engwall, Olov
(författare)
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Analysis of and feedback on phonetic features in pronunciation training with a virtual teacher
- 2012
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Ingår i: Computer Assisted Language Learning. - : Routledge. - 0958-8221 .- 1744-3210. ; 25:1, s. 37-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pronunciation errors may be caused by several different deviations from the target, such as voicing, intonation, insertions or deletions of segments, or that the articulators are placed incorrectly. Computer-animated pronunciation teachers could potentially provide important assistance on correcting all these types of deviations, but they have an additional benefit for articulatory errors. By making parts of the face transparent, they can show the correct position and shape of the tongue and provide audiovisual feedback on how to change erroneous articulations. Such a scenario however requires firstly that the learner's current articulation can be estimated with precision and secondly that the learner is able to imitate the articulatory changes suggested in the audiovisual feedback. This article discusses both these aspects, with one experiment on estimating the important articulatory features from a speaker through acoustic-to-articulatory inversion and one user test with a virtual pronunciation teacher, in which the articulatory changes made by seven learners who receive audiovisual feedback are monitored using ultrasound imaging.
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| 5. |
- Beckung, Eva, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Hidden dysfunction in childhood epilepsy.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 39:2, s. 72-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensory and motor function were evaluated in 84 children and adolescents with epilepsy but not additional neuroimpairments such as mental retardation or cerebral palsy. The influence of sex, age, age at onset of epilepsy, duration, seizure type and frequency and medication was analysed. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and the EB (Eva Beckung) test were used. We found significant dysfunction in gross as well as in fine motor functions. The most obvious deviation from normal was noted in gross motor function, mainly in the areas of running speed, balance, response speed and bilateral coordination, but also in upper-limb speed, dexterity and coordination. Boys performed better than girls. Motor function scores improved with age but sensory and motor problems persisted in the teenage years. Early onset and a long duration of the epilepsy were associated with significantly more sensory and motor difficulties. The children on monotherapy performed significantly better than the children on polytherapy and, surprisingly, also better than those without antiepileptic medication. Sensory and motor function should be carefully investigated in the context of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme for children with epilepsy.
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| 6. |
- Beukes, Eldre W., et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Efficacy of Audiologist-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Tinnitus
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Audiology. - : AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC. - 1059-0889 .- 1558-9137. ; 27:3, s. 431-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes 1 year after undertaking an audiologist-guided Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention for tinnitus. Secondary aims were to identify any predictors of outcome and whether there were any unwanted events related to undertaking iCBT for tinnitus. Method: Participants who had previously undertaken a randomized iCBT efficacy trial for tinnitus were invited to participate. Of the 146 who were initially randomized for the efficacy trial, 104 participants completed the 1-year post-intervention assessment measures. The primary outcome was a change in tinnitus distress as assessed by the Tinnitus Functional Index. Secondary assessment measures were included for insomnia, anxiety, depression, hearing handicap, hyperacusis, cognitive failures, and satisfaction with life. An intention-to-treat analysis using repeated-measures analysis of variance and hierarchical multiple regression was used for statistical analysis. Unwanted effects were categorized according to the unwanted events checklist. Results: Undertaking iCBT for tinnitus led to significant improvements 1 year post-intervention for tinnitus and related difficulties, for example, insomnia, anxiety, depression, hearing handicap, hyperacusis, and life satisfaction. The best predictors of improving tinnitus severity at 1-year post-intervention were greater baseline tinnitus severity scores, reading more of the modules, and higher satisfaction with the intervention. Unwanted events were reported by 11% of the participants and were more likely to be reported by women than men. These events were related to worsening of symptoms, the emergence of new symptoms, negative well-being, and prolongation of treatment. Conclusions: The clinical benefits of audiologist-guided iCBT for tinnitus and tinnitus-related difficulties were sustained 1 year post-intervention. Predictors of outcome indicated that the intervention is applicable to a wide range of participants regardless of their demographic backgrounds. Attempts should be made to minimize unwanted events in subsequent trials.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Beukes, Eldre W., et al.
(författare)
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Participants experiences of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for tinnitus
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 57:12, s. 947-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to explore participants experiences after undertaking an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention (ICBT) for tinnitus. Design: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted 6-8 months after participants undertook the ICBT intervention. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to interpret the interview data. Study sample: A purposeful sampling strategy was used to identify a diverse range of participants. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 15 participants. The mean age was 58.5 years, 7 men and 8 women participated. Results: The analysis generated the following main themes: (1) expectations and motivation for doing the intervention, (2) experiences of the intervention, (3) intervention engagement and (4) intervention effects. Most participants expectations were hopeful that the intervention would lessen the impact of their tinnitus. Aspects of the intervention that were beneficial, as well as difficult, were identified together with the impact they had on engagement. Intervention effects were evident on both tinnitus and activities of daily life. Conclusions: The benefits described by participants indicate the potential of ICBT as an alternate form of intervention delivery. The difficulties that hampered engagement need to be addressed to enhance the application and to optimise the clinical acceptability of ICBT for tinnitus.
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| 9. |
- Beukes, Eldre W., et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Based Interventions for Adults With Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Vestibular Disorders : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: TRENDS IN HEARING. - : Sage Publications. - 2331-2165 .- 2331-2165. ; 23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-based interventions have been developed to improve access to audiovestibular health care. This review aimed to identify outcomes of Internet interventions for adults with hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular disorders. Electronic databases and manual searches were performed to identify studies meeting eligibility for inclusion. Fifteen studies (1,811 participants) met the inclusion criteria, with nine studies targeting tinnitus distress, five considering hearing loss, and one for vestibular difficulties. Only the tinnitus and hearing loss Internet intervention studies were eligible for data synthesis. Internet-based interventions for hearing loss were diverse. Overall, they showed no significant effects, although a statistically significant moderate effect (d = 0.59) was found after removing the study with the highest risk of bias (as a result of high attrition). Most Internet-based interventions for tinnitus provided cognitive behavioural therapy. They yielded statistically significant mean effect sizes for reducing tinnitus distress compared with both inactive (d = 0.59) and active controls (d = 0.32). Significant effects were also present for the secondary outcomes of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and quality of life (combined effect d = 0.28). Only Internet-based interventions for tinnitus evaluated the 1-year postintervention effects indicated that results were maintained long term (d = 0.45). Scientific study quality was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach and found to vary from very low to moderate. This review indicates the potential of Internet interventions for tinnitus to provide evidence-based accessible care. There is a need for additional high-quality evidence before conclusive results can be established regarding the effects of audiovestibular Internet interventions.
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| 10. |
- Fraser, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Neolithic Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from the Island of Gotland show early contacts with the Swedish mainland
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - London : Academic Press. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 39:2, s. 229-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research probing early migrations and contacts in the Baltic Sea area is characterized by the analysis of different chronologies and subsistent strategies on all sides of the Sea. Several studies performed on artifact typology, ceramics, grave rituals and physical anthropology ended with varying results. Although the question of human origins remains inconclusive, in this study, we rely on the phylogeography of an animal associated with humans to elucidate findings regarding prehistoric human migration and contacts. Hedgehogs, along with other fauna on Gotland, were brought over to the island by humans. We examined hedgehog mitochondrial DNA from the Pitted Ware Culture (Middle Neolithic). The genetic signatures of the animals on the island were investigated to determine the animals origin. From the 23 bones originally examined, twelve bones from all five locations studied yielded reliable results and resembled published extant Erinaceus europaeus sequences from Sweden, Norway and Denmark. We postulate that a western heritage for the Neolithic hedgehogs on Gotland indicates early human contact with the Swedish mainland.
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