| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 5. |
- Li, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Four-Point Sweeping Method to Investigate Hysteresis of MoS2 FET
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 41:9, s. 1356-1359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hysteresis is a frequently observed phenomenon in the transfer characteristics of thin film transistors. Charge trapping/de-trapping processes of gate oxide and gate-channel interface are commonly known to be the origin of hysteresis and correlated to low frequency noise (LFN) properties of the devices. In this letter, a rapid four-point sweeping method (RFSM) is proposed to reveal the dependence of hysteresis, as well as the distribution of effective trap density on sweeping rate and gate bias range. Based on the RFSM, the hysteresis properties of four-layer MoS2 FETs are studied in detail. The experimental results demonstrate that the hysteresis and trap density at different frequencies and gate voltages, which could further roughly map the traps with different time constants and energy depths, can be obtained by the simple RFSM. Trap density estimated by RFSM shows a comparable range with that extracted from LFN, indicating that the traps inducing the hysteresis may also cause LFN.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Ziming, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap on perovskite light-emitting diodes
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 2515-7647. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the field of metal-halide perovskite emitters has rapidly emerged as a new community in solid-state lighting. Their exceptional optoelectronic properties have contributed to the rapid rise in external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) from <1% (in 2014) to over 30% (in 2023) across a wide range of wavelengths. However, several challenges still hinder their commercialization, including the relatively low EQEs of blue/white devices, limited EQEs in large-area devices, poor device stability, as well as the toxicity of the easily accessible lead components and the solvents used in the synthesis and processing of PeLEDs. This roadmap addresses the current and future challenges in PeLEDs across fundamental and applied research areas, by sharing the community's perspectives. This work will provide the field with practical guidelines to advance PeLED development and facilitate more rapid commercialization.
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| 7. |
- Dorigo, Wouter, et al.
(författare)
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The International Soil Moisture Network : Serving Earth system science for over a decade
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 25:11, s. 5749-5804
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009, the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements . The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared by a multitude of organisations, harmonises them in terms of units and sampling rates, applies advanced quality control, and stores them in a database. Users can freely retrieve the data from this database through an online web portal (https://ismn.earth/en/, last access: 28 October 2021). Meanwhile, the ISMN has evolved into the primary in situ soil moisture reference database worldwide, as evidenced by more than 3000 active users and over 1000 scientific publications referencing the data sets provided by the network. As of July 2021, the ISMN now contains the data of 71 networks and 2842 stations located all over the globe, with a time period spanning from 1952 to the present. The number of networks and stations covered by the ISMN is still growing, and approximately 70 % of the data sets contained in the database continue to be updated on a regular or irregular basis. The main scope of this paper is to inform readers about the evolution of the ISMN over the past decade, including a description of network and data set updates and quality control procedures. A comprehensive review of the existing literature making use of ISMN data is also provided in order to identify current limitations in functionality and data usage and to shape priorities for the next decade of operations of this unique community-based data repository.
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| 8. |
- Gu, Shi-Ran, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and re-circumscription of Cheniella (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) based on plastome data and morphology, with description of three new species
- 2024
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Ingår i: TAXON. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 73:2, s. 475-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subfamily Cercidoideae is an early-diverging lineage of Leguminosae, within which the number and classification of genera have been controversial. Cheniella is a recently described genus in the Cercidoideae which requires revision and testing of its monophyly and circumscription. Here we infer the phylogenetic position and infrageneric relationships of Cheniella as well as the intergeneric relationships of Cercidoideae using 48 newly sequenced plastid genomes, including 34 individuals representing all species of Cheniella. Our phylogenetic analyses yield a well-resolved tree of Cercidoideae with robust support at most nodes. We also present morphological studies through field work and herbarium studies to re-assess the classification and circumscription of the genus. Based on the results of molecular analyses and morphological studies combined with distribution data, we broaden the circumscription of Cheniella to comprise a total of 15 species and 3 subspecies, including three new species (C. hechiensis, C. longistaminea, C. pubicarpa), one new combination (C. tianlinensis) and one new status and combination (C. longipes).
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| 9. |
- Jin, Bao, et al.
(författare)
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Phase transition structural superlubricity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Matter. - : Cell Press. - 2590-2393 .- 2590-2385.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural superlubricity refers to a state with almost vanishing friction and wear between crystalline surfaces in incommensurate configurations. However, thus far, this phenomenon has been observed only at solid-solid interfaces. Here, we constructed an in situ heterojunction between a crystalline boundary tribofilm and a pressure-induced solid-phase 1–dodecanol molecular layer, achieving structural superlubricity in a liquid-solid interface. This novel superlubricity state, termed phase transition structural superlubricity (PTSS), is induced by incommensurate slip at the in situ heterojunction. Atomic force microscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the friction of in situ heterojunction exhibits a periodicity of 180°. Notably, the PTSS arises when the molecular axis of 1–dodecanol is oriented 90° to the direction of friction. These findings provide a novel design strategy for structural superlubricity and bridge the gap between liquid and solid superlubricity, shedding substantial light upon achieving structural superlubricity across a broad range of environments.
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| 10. |
- Li, Rong-Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab versus trifluridine/tipiracil monotherapy for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer : a retrospective cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2078-6891 .- 2219-679X. ; 15:2, s. 612-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several studies demonstrated trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab (BEV) had better efficacy than the monotherapy of TAS-102 in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, it remains unclear whether Chinese population can benefit from this combination or not. Hence, we conducted this retrospective cohort study to compare the efficacy and safety between TAS-102 plus BEV with TAS-102 monotherapy in refractory mCRC. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients (any age) with refractory mCRC from Hunan Cancer Hospital. The main inclusion criteria were histopathologically and/or radiographically confirmed refractory mCRC, World Health Organization (WHO) performance status of 0 to 2, adequate organ function, and initial treatment of TAS-102 with or without BEV between November 2020 and October 2022. Previous therapy with fruquintinib or regorafenib was allowed but not mandatory. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were collected appropriately. Every 2 or 3 treatment cycles, the patients were assessed by computed tomography (CT) scans and clinical assessments until disease progression or loss to follow-up. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0 (NCI-CTCAE 5.0) were presented as n (%). The primary endpoint was investigator -evaluated overall survival (OS). As this is a retrospective cohort study, sample size calculation was not performed. Eligible patients would be enrolled as many as possible. Results: A total of 90 patients were enrolled, including 58 patients who received TAS-102 plus BEV and another 32 patients who received TAS-102 monotherapy. The known baseline characteristics were comparable (P<0.05). With a median follow-up of 4.60 months (range, 0.20-22.80), the median OS (mOS) time in the TAS-102 plus BEV group was longer than that in the TAS-102 monotherapy group (10.83 vs. 7.43 months), but the difference was not significant (P=0.79). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) time was comparable between the two groups (4.67 vs. 4.30 months, P=0.96). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that undergoing therapy after TAS-102 either with or without BEV was an independent risk factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR) =0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.71, P<0.01], and previous treatment with cetuximab was an independent protective factor for PFS (HR =0.17; 95% CI: 0.03-0.91, P=0.04). Of the 70 patients who were evaluated, those receiving TAS-102 plus BEV showed trend of a higher objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) than those who received TAS-102 monotherapy (P=0.16 and P=0.29, respectively). Adverse events (AEs) were similar between the two groups, except that the incidence of platelet count decrease (grade >= 3) was significantly higher in the TAS-102 plus BEV group. Conclusions: There was a trend in favor of the combination of BEV plus TAS-102 regarding OS and DCR, without reaching statistical significance, and it means that there was no clear advantage of one over the other in terms of efficacy. Further prospective studies are still necessary to draw a definite conclusion.
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