| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in physical activity are associated with changes in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 44:12, s. 2134-2139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesisTo investigate the effect of changes in physical activity on changes in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and to investigate what factors affect the association between physical activity and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsOf the 1860 men who were 50 years of age and who were without pre-existing cardiovascular disease participating in a population-based study, 898 were re-examined 20 years later. Altogether 231 died from cardiovascular diseases during the follow-up (mean = 22.6 years). The examinations which the men underwent at 50 and 70 years of age included assessment of physical activity (self-reported at four alternative levels), anthropometry, measurements of fasting concentrations of glucose, specific insulin, proinsulin, split proinsulin and lipids.ResultsDuring the 20 years, 31 % increased their amount of physical activity while 51 % continued the same amount of exercise. Increased physical activity was associated with significant changes in several important metabolic variables, including fasting glucose, proinsulin and HDL cholesterol, independent of body weight changes. The risk of cardiovascular disease for men performing moderate, regular and athletic physical activity was 25 % (p = 0.127), 34 % (p = 0.022) and 71 % (p = 0.009) lower, respectively, compared with sedentary men. The association was attenuated by adjustment for baseline measurements of insulin, proinsulin and split proinsulin. Additional adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors did not further attenuate the association.Conclusion/interpretationIncreased leisure time physical activity between the ages of 50 and 70 years, in the absence of active intervention, is associated with improved glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in men. The concentrations of insulin, proinsulin and split proinsulin could mediate much of the association between a sedentary lifestyle and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lithell, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidemiological and clinical studies on insulin resistance and diabetes
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734. ; 105:2, s. 135-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In Uppsala, extensive epidemiological and clinical studies on insulin resistance and diabetes have been ongoing for the past 30 years. A prospective cohort study of men born 1920-24, living in Uppsala County, was initiated during 1969-74 (the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, ULSAM). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were examined in 2,322 men, and re-examinations have been performed every 10 years. At the first follow-up, when the men were 60 years old, insulin resistance was found to be a risk factor for development of hypertension and diabetes. In addition, treatment with antihypertensive medication was an independent risk factor for development of diabetes. These findings resulted in a series of clinical studies on metabolic effects of antihypertensive agents. At the second follow-up, when the men were 70 years old, the development of hypertension and diabetes was once again in focus, but at this time, cross-sectional and prospective studies of other cardiovascular determinants, such as circadian blood pressure pattern, left ventricular geometry and function, muscle morphology, ion status, fibrinolysis and cognitive function, were also performed. The cohort has furthermore been linked to the Swedish census and hospital discharge and cause of death registries, it has been used for studies on relationships between birth weight and cardiovascular disease, and genetic analyses have been performed, taking advantage of the long observation time obtained in this cohort. The cohort is currently being re-examined for the third time, and will hopefully continue to provide valuable information on the epidemiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
