| 1. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 2. |
- Celojevic, Dragana, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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EPHA2 polymorphisms in Estonian patients with age-related cataract.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ophthalmic genetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5094 .- 1381-6810. ; 37:1, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Ephrin receptors (Ephs) are tyrosine kinases that together with their ligands, ephrins, are considered important in cell-cell communication, especially during embryogenesis but also for epithelium homeostasis. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of mutations or common variants of the gene encoding Eph receptor A2 (EPHA2), in congenital cataract and in age-related cataract. This study investigated a number of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in EPHA2 in patients with age-related cataract. Materials and methods: The study included 491 Estonian patients who had surgery for age-related cataract, classified as nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular and mixed lens opacities, and 185 controls of the same ethnical origin. Seven SNPs in EPHA2 (rs7543472, rs11260867, rs7548209, rs3768293, rs6603867, rs6678616, rs477558) were genotyped using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination. Statistical analyses for single factor associations used χ(2)-test and logistic regression was performed including relevant covariates (age, sex and smoking). Results: In single-SNP allele analysis, only the rs7543472 showed a borderline significant association with risk of cataract (p=0.048). Regression analysis with known risk factors for cataract showed no significant associations of the studied SNPs with cataract. Stratification by cataract subtype did not alter the results. Adjusted odds ratios were between 0.82 and 1.16 (95% confidence interval 0.61-1.60). Conclusions: The present study does not support a major role of EphA2 in cataractogenesis in an Estonian population.
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| 3. |
- Jakobsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Levels of Inflammatory Immune Mediators in Vitreous From Pseudophakic Eyes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 56:5, s. 3407-3414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. To determine if pseudophakic eyes have an increased and sustained level of inflammatory immune mediators in the vitreous compared to phakic eyes. METHODS. Vitreous fluid samples were obtained from 73 patients undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) as a result of a macular hole, epiretinal membrane, vitreous macular traction, or vitreous floaters. Forty eyes were pseudophakic and had previously undergone uncomplicated cataract surgery, ranging from a few months to several years prior to PPV. The vitreous samples were analyzed for 29 different inflammatory immune mediators using multiplex bead immunoassays. RESULTS. A total of 14 cytokines (eotaxin, interferon-c-induced protein-10 [IP-10], monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], macrophage derived chemokine [MDC], macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, thymus activation regulated chemokine [TARC], IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-7, VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8) were detected in the vitreous of both study groups. Using multiple linear regression analysis, pseudophakiawas significantly correlated with higher levels of vitreous immune mediators compared to phakia. Elevated vitreous levels were estimated to decrease over time for IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, and VEGF, though they remained elevated for many months and even years compared to the levels detected in phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS. This is the first study to demonstrate that cataract surgery and pseudophakia can induce increased vitreous levels of a substantial range of inflammatory immune mediators. The elevated levels seem to be maintained for a long period of time. These increased levels of cytokines may be involved in inflammatory processes leading to several complications to cataract surgery, both early and late.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Adelöf, Julia, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions from a behavioral aging study on male and female F2 hybrid mice on age-related behavior, buoyancy in water-based tests, and an ethical method to assess lifespan.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 11:17, s. 7150-7168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to strain-specific behavioral idiosyncrasies, inbred mouse strains are suboptimal research models for behavioral aging studies. The aim of this study is to determine age-related behavioral changes of F2 hybrid C57BL/6NxBALB/c male and female mice. Lifespan was followed (nmales=48, nfemales=51) and cohorts of mature adult (7 months), middle-aged (15 months), and old mice (22 months of age; n=7-12 per group) were assessed regarding open-field activity, exploration, passive avoidance learning/memory, and depressive-like behavior. We found that both males and females demonstrated decreased exploratory behavior with age, while memory and depressive-like behavior were maintained. Females exhibited enhanced depressive-like behavior compared to males; however, a correlation between fat mass and swimming activity in the test directly accounted for 30-46% of this behavioral sex difference. In addition, we suggest a method to qualitatively estimate natural lifespan from survival analyses in which animals with signs of pain or severe disease are euthanized. This is, to our knowledge, the first behavioral study to consider both sex and aging in hybrid mice. We here define decreased exploratory behavior as a conserved hallmark of aging independent of sex, highlight the effect of buoyancy in water tests, and provide a method to assay lifespan with reduced animal suffering.
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| 6. |
- Adelöf, Julia, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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PA28αβ overexpression enhances learning and memory of female mice without inducing 20S proteasome activity
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2202. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The proteasome system plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Induction and maintenance of long term potentiation is directly dependent on selective targeting of proteins for proteasomal degradation. The 20S proteasome activator PA28αβ activates hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides and possesses protective functions upon oxidative stress and proteinopathy. The effect of PA28αβ activity on behavior and memory function is, however, not known. We generated a mouse model that overexpresses PA28α (PA28αOE) to understand PA28αβ function during healthy adult homeostasis via assessment of physiological and behavioral profiles, focusing on female mice. RESULTS: PA28α and PA28β protein levels were markedly increased in all PA28αOE tissues analyzed. PA28αOE displayed reduced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test and improved memory/learning function assessed by intersession habituation in activity box and shuttle box passive avoidance test, with no significant differences in anxiety or general locomotor activity. Nor were there any differences found when compared to WT for body composition or immuno-profile. The cognitive effects of PA28αOE were female specific, but could not be explained by alterations in estrogen serum levels or hippocampal regulation of estrogen receptor β. Further, there were no differences in hippocampal protein expression of neuronal or synaptic markers between PA28αOE and WT. Biochemical analysis of hippocampal extracts demonstrated that PA28α overexpression did not increase PA28-20S peptidase activity or decrease K48-polyubiquitin levels. Instead, PA28αOE exhibited elevated efficiency in preventing aggregation in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals, for the first time, a connection between PA28αβ and neuronal function. We found that PA28α overexpressing female mice displayed reduced depressive-like behavior and enhanced learning and memory. Since the positive effects of PA28α overexpression arose without an activation of 20S proteasome capacity, they are likely independent of PA28αβ's role as a 20S proteasome activator and instead depend on a recognized chaperone-like function. These findings suggest that proteostasis in synaptic plasticity is more diverse than previously reported, and demonstrates a novel function of PA28αβ in the brain.
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| 7. |
- Allard, K., et al.
(författare)
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Implantation of toric intraocular lenses in patients with cataract and keratoconus: a case series
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Medical Case Reports Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1179-142X. ; 11, s. 185-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe the results of phacoemulsification and implantation of tonic intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with cataract and keratoconus. Patients and methods: Prospective study of 4 patients (4 eyes) with cataract and keratoconus who underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of a toric IOL. Two different toric IOLs were used: AcrySof IQ SN6AT9 and AT Torbi 709M(P). Corneal tomography was performed preoperatively using Scheimpflug technique with Pentacam. Astigmatism was regular or slightly irregular in all patients. Postoperatively, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), astigmatism, spherical equivalent, and complications were recorded for all patients. Follow-up time was between 4 weeks and 7 months. Results: BCVA increased and astigmatism decreased in all patients. BCVA increased from 20/50 to 20/40 in patient 1, from 20/63 to 20/20 in patient 2, from 20/40 to 20/32 in patient 3, and from hand motion to 20/40 in patient 4. Astigmatism decreased from -6.12 to -3.75 D in patient 1, from -4.62 to -1.75 Din patient 2, from -9.0 to -3.0 Din patient 3, and from -8.0 to -2.75 D in patient 4. One patient developed pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, but at last follow-up after 6 months the edema had resolved. Another patient developed posterior capsular opacification after 2 months. No misalignment of the axis of the IOL was observed. Conclusion: Correction of both astigmatism and cataract with phacoemulsification and implantation of a tonic IOL can be an effective and safe choice for patients with cataract and keratoconus. However, predicting the refractive outcome in cataract surgery is difficult in patients with keratoconus, and the surgeon should be aware of different sources of biometric errors and the possible consequences.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Belitsky, Yuri, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of selective laser trabeculoplasty as an intraocular pressure lowering option.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 97:7, s. 707-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is one of the many treatment options for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SLT.Data were collected from medical records of 289 patients who underwent SLT treatment (180° of trabecular meshwork) during 2014 and 2015 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. Baseline characteristics and information from a follow-up within 100days were also recorded. The study analysed different subtypes of glaucoma with regard to SLT, with a particular focus on exfoliative glaucoma, a common subtype in Sweden. Successful treatment was defined as an IOP lowering effect of >20% with no further changes in treatment. The impact of surgeon's experience on treatment outcome was also analysed.Both patients with exfoliative glaucoma and those with primary open-angle glaucoma showed a reduction in mean IOP; no significant difference was found between these two subtypes before treatment or at the first follow-up. The success rate at follow-up (within 100days) was 52%. There was a significant difference in outcome between surgeons with different levels of experience, but this difference could likely be explained by differences in treatment strategies and total energy used.For many patients with glaucoma, SLT was an effective treatment option for lowering IOP. It was also effective for several glaucoma subtypes. However, not all patients had a significant reduction in IOP after treatment with SLT, and some may require additional treatment.
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| 10. |
- Bergman, O., et al.
(författare)
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Optic perineuritis: a retrospective case series
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Medical Case Reports Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1179-142X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optic perineuritis (OPN) is a rare inflammatory disorder involving the optic nerve sheath characterized by visual loss. OPN may be isolated and idiopathic or part of an underlying disorder. This case series aimed to help clinicians investigate and manage this disorder. Presentation, clinical findings, and treatment of OPN are discussed. After review of medical records at the ophthalmology clinic at Sahlgrenska University hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, seven OPN patients (three men and four women) were identified and included in the present case series. These included idiopathic cases and patients with underlying disorders. Age at OPN diagnosis ranged from 26 to 64 years (mean age 55 years, median age 58 years). Five of the patients were treated with corticosteroids. This study suggests that a high-dose course of corticosteroids is important in the treatment of OPN in severely affected patients.
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