| 1. |
- Sai, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Observations of the very young Type Ia Supernova 2019np with early-excess emission
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 514:3, s. 3541-3558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early-time radiative signals from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can provide important constraints on the explosion mechanism and the progenitor system. We present observations and analysis of SN 2019np, a nearby SN Ia discovered within 1–2 days after the explosion. Follow-up observations were conducted in optical, ultraviolet, and near-infrared bands, covering the phases from ∼−16.7 d to ∼+ 367.8 d relative to its B-band peak luminosity. The photometric and spectral evolutions of SN 2019np resemble the average behaviour of normal SNe Ia. The absolute B-band peak magnitude and the post-peak decline rate are Mmax(B) = −19.52 ± 0.47 mag and Δm15(B) = 1.04 ± 0.04 mag, respectively. No Hydrogen line has been detected in the nebular-phase spectra of SN 2019np. Assuming that the 56Ni powering the light curve is centrally located, we find that the bolometric light curve of SN 2019np shows a flux excess up to 5.0 per cent in the early phase compared to the radiative diffusion model. Such an extra radiation perhaps suggests the presence of an additional energy source beyond the radioactive decay of central nickel. Comparing the observed colour evolution with that predicted by different models, such as interactions of SN ejecta with circumstellar matter (CSM)/companion star, a double-detonation explosion from a sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf (WD) and surface 56Ni mixing, we propose that the nickel mixing is more favoured for SN 2019np.
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| 2. |
- Yang, Wenzhe, et al.
(författare)
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Association of depression with mortality in nationwide twins : The mediating role of dementia
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The differential impact of depression across different periods in life on mortality remains inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association of depression that occurs at different age with all-cause mortality, and to explore the roles of dementia, as well as genetic and early-life environmental factors, in this association.Methods. From the Swedish Twin Registry, 44,919 twin individuals were followed for up to 18 years. Depression was ascertained using the National Patient Registry and categorized as early-life (<45 years), midlife (45-64 years), and late-life (>= 65 years) depression according to the age of the first diagnosis. Deaths were identified through the Cause of Death Register. Generalized estimating equation, generalized structural equation, and conditional logistic regression were used for unmatched, mediation, and co-twin matched analyses, respectively.Results. In unmatched analyses, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality were 1.71 (1.46-2.00) for depression at any age, 1.72 (1.36-2.17) for early-life, 1.51 (1.19-1.90) for midlife, and 4.10 (2.02-8.34) for late-life depression. Mortality was significantly higher in individuals with late-life depression than those with earlier-life depression (p < 0.05). The mediation analysis showed that 59.83% of the depression-mortality association was mediated by dementia. No significant difference in ORs between the unmatched and co-twin matched analyses was observed (p = 0.09).Conclusions. Depression is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and dementia mediates approximately 60% of the impact of depression on mortality in late life. Genetic and early-life environmental factors may not play a significant role in the depression-mortality association.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Lulu, et al.
(författare)
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Injurious falls before, during and after dementia diagnosis : a population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 51:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: the timing of incident injurious falls at different stages of dementia diagnosis is unclear.Objectives: to identify when the occurrence of injurious falls begins to increase among individuals who are going to develop dementia, to explore the time point at which people living with dementia are at highest risk of injurious falls and to ascertain differences in fall-related factors pre- and post-dementia diagnosis.Design: this study included 2,707 participants with incident dementia and 2,707 1:1 matched (i.e. same birth year and sex) controls without dementia.Methods: dementia diagnosis and date of onset were identified from the National Patient Registry (NPR) and the Swedish Cause of Death Register following international criteria. Information on injurious falls and history of chronic disease was obtained from the NPR. Data were analysed using conditional Poisson regression and generalized estimating equation models.Results: compared with controls, the incidence of injurious falls among participants with dementia started to increase beginning 4 years pre-diagnosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–2.22), reaching a peak (IRR 3.73, 95% CI 3.16–4.41) in the year of dementia diagnosis. Heavy drinking, physically active and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) were associated with incident falls among those with dementia.Conclusion: people with dementia have a higher incidence of injurious falls beginning 4 years leading up to diagnosis and peaking during the year of diagnosis. Older age, female, heavy drinking, physically active and CMDs may predict injurious falls among people with dementia.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy lifestyle counteracts the risk effect of genetic factors on incident gout : a large population-based longitudinal study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Risk genes linked to the development of gout have been identified, and lifestyle factors are related to gout risk. It remains unclear whether healthy lifestyle factors can mitigate the genetic risk of gout. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether and to what extent a healthy lifestyle can mitigate the risk of gout related to genetic factors.Methods: Within the UK Biobank, 416,481 gout-free participants (aged 37–74) were identified at baseline. Polygenic risk for gout was assessed and categorized as low (lowest tertile), middle (tertile 2), and high (highest tertile). Healthy lifestyle factors included no/moderate alcohol consumption, no smoking, physical activity, and a healthy diet. Participants were categorized into three groups according to their number of healthy lifestyle factors: unfavorable (0 or 1), intermediate (any 2), and favorable (3 or 4). Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.Results: Over the follow-up (median: 12.1 years), 6206 participants developed gout. Compared to low genetic risk, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gout was 1.44 (1.35–1.54) for middle and 1.77 (1.66–1.89) for high genetic risk. The HRs (95% CIs) of gout were 0.63 (0.59–0.67) for a favorable lifestyle and 0.79 (0.75–0.85) for an intermediate lifestyle, compared to an unfavorable lifestyle. In joint effect analysis, compared to participants with low genetic predisposition and a favorable lifestyle, the HRs (95% CIs) of gout were 2.39 (2.12–2.70)/3.12 (2.79–3.52) in those with middle and high genetic predisposition plus unfavorable lifestyle profiles, and 1.53 (1.35–1.74)/1.98 (1.75–2.24) for those with middle and high genetic predisposition plus favorable lifestyle profiles, respectively. Moreover, compared to an unfavorable lifestyle, the HRs of gout related to a favorable lifestyle was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.56–0.73) for low genetic risk, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58–0.72) for middle genetic risk, and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.57–0.69) for high genetic risk. There was a significant additive interaction between unfavorable lifestyle and high genetic risk on gout.Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of gout and may attenuate the risk of gout related to genetic factors by almost a third.
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