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- Forsman, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali Metal Release During Rapid Pyrolysis of Fuel Blends Containing
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings. 14th European conference and technology exhibition biomass for energy industry and climate protection, Paris, Oct. 2005.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present study the influence of different fuel blends and additives on the release of gaseous alkali metals during rapid pyrolysis of biomass has been investigated. A single particle reactor has been used together with a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) to study the release of gaseous alkali-containing emissions during pyrolysis. A hot platinum filament was used as the ionization source and alkali-containing compounds that hit the hot filament dissociate and alkali ions leave the Pt -filament and are detected in the MBMS. The fuels used were wood (spruce) and wood waste. The additives included peat, different sewage sludge samples, sludge from the pulp and paper industry and fly ash from co-combusted wood and sewage sludge. Experimental results show time resolved mass loss curves of biomass particles during rapid pyrolysis combined with released amounts of sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The results indicate that the new combined instrument successfully detects gaseous alkali metals, and a difference in the release of Na and K during pyrolysis due to the use of the additives is observed. Additives consisting of sewage sludge ash reduced the release of alkali, probably due to the presence of mullite in the ash together with the sorption effect of fine particles.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Göransson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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BTL laboratory at Mid Sweden University
- 2008
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Ingår i: 16th European Biomass Conference. - Florence : Italy. ; , s. 1041-1045
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the BTL (biomass to liquids) laboratory of MIUN (Mid Sweden University) for production of bio-automotive fuels through biomass gasification. The process is intended to be realized in laboratory scale at MIUN with focus on key issues in the BTL technology development. Thus, the BTL laboratory becomes a resource for BTL education, research and development. The BTL laboratory is based on indirect gasification and the gasifier is a combination of a BFB steam gasifier and a CFB combustion riser. The biomass feeding system is unique in application. The syngas is automatically sampled and analyzed on-line on demand. Considering small & medium scale bio-automotive fuel plant, an oxygen plant would be too expensive to be integrated in BTL systems. An indirect gasifier is thus the choice for development to obtain a good quality high energy content synthesis gas. Based on calculation work performed by TPS, the most energy effective gasification technique is indirectly fluidized bed gasification with steam as the gasification agent. Integration of the gasifier and FT/DME/EtOH-reactors will be emphasized and a theoretic BTL model will be developed. The plan is to develop an effective and a reliable BTL technology under 100 MW possible for bio refinery integration.
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| 5. |
- Göransson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary Test on the Allothermal Gasifier at Mid Sweden University
- 2009
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Ingår i: 17th European Biomass Conference. - Florence, Italy : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a preliminary test on the 150 kW allothermal biomass gasifier at MSU (Mid Sweden University) in Härnösand, Sweden. The MSU gasifier is a combination of a fluidized bed gasifier and a CFB riser as a combustor with an unique design suitable for in-built tar/CH4 catalytic reforming. The test was carried out by two steps, 1) fluid-dynamic study and 2) measurements of gas composition. The results show the dependency of bed material circulation rate on the superficial gas velocity in the combustor, the bed material inventory and the aeration of solids flow between the bottoms of the gasifier and the combustor. A strong influence of circulation rate on the temperature difference between the combustor and the gasifier was identified. The syngas analysis showed that, as steam/biomass ratio increases, CH4 content decreases and H2/CO ratio increases. The biomass gasification technology developed at MSU is simple, cheap, reliable, and can obtain a syngas of high CO+H2 concentration with sufficient high ratio of H2 to CO, suitable for synthesis of Methane, DME, FT-fuels or alcohol fuels This development work is expected to help for developing an effective and a reliable BTL technology in S&M scales under 200 MW, possibly for biorefinery integration.
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| 6. |
- He, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Research on ethanol synthesis from syngas
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Zhejiang University - Science A. - 1673-565X. ; 9:5, s. 714-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a very fine substitutable energy technology to synthesize ethanol from biomass-derived syngas. This paper summarized the development of preparing ethanol from syngas, and especially elaborated on the research status of catalysts for the process. Based on the relative researches on the reaction mechanism, structure and performance of the catalysts, the optimumdesign of catalysts with high activity was presented in this review, which set the theoretical and application foundation for the industrial production of ethanol from syngas.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Yu, C, et al.
(författare)
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A modelling study on cellulose particle pyrolysis under fluidized-bed conditions.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Progress in thermochemical biomass conversion. - Oxford : Blackwell science. - 9780470694954 - 0632055332 - 9780632055333 ; , s. 1091-1106
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study biomass pyrolysis processes, a numerical model is developed in this work focusing on the cellulose constituent. A single cellulose particle is supposed to experience pyrolysis at a fairly high heating rate in the case of typical fluidized bed conditions. The model involves the pyrolytic kinetic scheme and the detailed heat and mass transfers caused by radiation, conduction, diffusion and convection with respect to the solid, liquid and gas products from pyrolysis. From the solution of the model, the central role of the reaction heat versus a slow heat supply through the particle is identified. The dynamic characteristic of the pyrolysis and the evolutions of the internal pressure and the flow of the products are analyzed quantitatively. Computation of the model shows the importance of particle permeability, whereas the liquid phase of active cellulose and inter-particle secondary reaction of volatile play a negligible role during the pyrolysis under a typical fluidized bed conditions both for small and large particles. Various predictions by the model provide a good understanding of the complex process of biomass pyrolysis, which can be useful for applications of thermochemical conversions of biomass.
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| 9. |
- Yu, C, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling potassium release in biomass pyrolysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Progress in thermochemical biomass conversion. - Oxford : Blackwell science. - 0632055332 - 9780470694954 - 9780632055333 ; , s. 1107-1115
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkali compound emission during biomass thermochemical conversion gives rise to a number of problems such as agglomeration, slag, fouling and metal corrosion in the conversion process system. Understanding the behaviour of alkali emission from biomass fuels is important to solve these problems. In this work, a study focused on the potassium compound release in biomass pyrolysis is carried out. The transformation of the element, K, is interpreted based on literature and the present study. A mathematic model of the potassium compounds emitting from biomass during pyrolysis is proposed. The different existing forms of potassium in biomass, the chemical equilibrium of the compounds at the pyrolytic environment and the potassium compound release due to vaporization at high temperature are taken into account in the model. The result of the mathematic model provides an understanding of the alkali compound release in biomass pyrolysis and the effects of the pyrolytic temperature, the fuel composition and residence time on the release process.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Wennan
(författare)
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A review on biofuels for transportation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Asia Biofuels Conference & Expo IV, 2006, Beijing..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy use in the transport sector is heavily dependent on crude oil which is running out in a limited time. Under the pressure of oil dependency and climate change, the possibility of producing transportation fuels from biomass and wastes has been a more and more attractive subject. The first generation of biofuels for transportation, such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas produced from agricultural activities have been successfully introduced into the transport market in a number of countries. From the viewpoint of fuel potential, economics, environment, land use, water use and chemical fertilizer use, there is a strong preference for the use of woody biomass and various forest/agricultural residues as the feedstock. Thus, the production of second generation of biofuels i.e. synthetic transportation fuels such as methanol, DME, FT-diesel and hydrogen through biomass gasification seems promising. This paper is trying to review the present market of the first generation of bio-automotive fuels and the technology development of the second generation of bio-automotive fuels. It can be concluded that the second generation of bio-automotive fuels is on the way to a breakthrough in the transport markets of industrial countries especially for those countries with a strong forest industry. The first generation will remain as favourable bio-automotive fuels in the developing countries.
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