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| 3. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Tian, Yupeng, et al.
(författare)
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Two novel two-photon polymerization initiators with extensive application prospects
- 2004
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 388:4-6, s. 325-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel two-photon polymerization initiators, 10-ethyl-3-E-(4-(N,N′-di-n-butylamino)styryl)phenothiazine 5 and 10-ethyl-3,7-E,E-bis(4-(N,N′-di-n-butyl amino)styryl)phenothiazine 6, have been efficiently synthesized with room temperature solid phase Wittig reaction. Two initiators were found to exhibit good single-photon fluorescence emission and their quantum yields, lifetimes and solvent effects have been studied in detail. Two-photon fluorescence spectra were investigated under 800 nm fs laser pulse and two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections of the initiators have been evaluated by theoretical calculation.Two-photon initiating polymerization microfabrication experiments have been carried out and artificial defects were made and polymerization mechanism was also discussed.
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Shi-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Differences between interfacial and surface molybdenum in the formation Of TiSi2
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 89:3, s. 1641-1646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backscattering and diffraction results are presented for the effects of an interfacial or a surface Mo layer on the formation of Ti-silicides during solid-state interaction between Ti films and Si substrates. It is shown that the interfacial and surface Mo are fundamentally different in their involvement in the Ti-silicide formation. The interfacial Mo induces the formation of C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 at the interface adjacent to the Si substrate already after annealing at 550 degreesC, in agreement with our previous results. Hence, the desired C54 TiSi2 can grow directly on top of the C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 at relatively low temperatures as a result of the template effect. The surface Mo is, however, found in a metal-rich silicide presumably (Mo,Ti)(5)Si-3 at 550-600 degreesC, which eventually converts to (Mo,Ti)Si-2 upon annealing at higher temperatures. Underneath this metal-rich silicide lies a fully developed C49 TiSi2 layer. Consequently, the formation of C54 TiSi2 in the presence of surface Mo follows the usual path of the C49-C54 phase transition. This important difference in the participation of Mo in the silicide formation spreads doubts about the validity of using interfacial Mo versus surface Mo to study the dominant mechanism(s) responsible for the enhanced formation of C54 TiSi2.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Different routes to the formation of C54TiSi(2) in the presence of surface and interface molybdenum : A transmission electron microscopy study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 17:4, s. 784-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct evidence revealing fundamental differences in sequence of phase formation during the growth of TiSi2 in the presence of an ultrathin surface or interface Mo layer is presented. Results of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed that when the Mo layer was present at the interface between Ti films and Si substrates, C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 formed at the interface, and Ti5Si3 grew on top after annealing at 550 degreesC. Additionally, both C54 and C40 TiSi2 were found in the close vicinity of the C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 grains. No C49 grains were detected. Raising the annealing temperature to 600 degreesC led to the formation of C54 TiSi2 at the expense of Ti5Si3, and the interfacial C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 also began to transform into C54 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 at 600 degreesC. When the Mo was deposited on top of Ti, the silicide film was almost solely composed of C49 TiSi2 at 600 degreesC. However, a small amount of (Mo,Ti)(5)Si-3 was still present in the vicinity of the sample surface. Upon annealing at 650 degreesC, only the C54 phase was found throughout the entire TiSi2 layer with a surface (Mo,Ti)Si, on top of TiSi2 Hence, it was unambiguously shown that in the presence of surface versus interface Mo, different routes were taken to the formation of C54 TiSi2.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of C54TiSi(2) on Si(100) using Ti/Mo and Mo/Ti bilayers
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics B. - 0217-9792. ; 16:1-2, s. 205-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Mo on the formation of C54 TiSi2 on Si (100) substrates is studied using crosssectional transmission electron microscopy. For a Ti/Mo bilayer on Si, the interfacial Mo film reacts with Ti and Si to form C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 at 550 degreesC. Crystal grains of metastable C40 TiSi2 and equilibrium C54 TiSi2 are found in the region near the interfacial (Mo,Ti)Si-2 layer due to the template phenomenon. Increasing the temperature to 600 degreesC leads to the growth of C54 TiSi2 throughout the film. No C49 grains can be detected. The findings confirm that the usual sequence for the formation of C54 TiSi2, i.e. the C49 TiSi2 forms first followed by a phase transition to the C54 TiSi2, is altered by the interposed Mo layer. For a Mo/Ti bilayer on Si, the surface Mo layer is found to be present sequentially in (Mo,Ti)(5)Si-3 at 550 degreesC, C49 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 at 600 degreesC and C54 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 at 650 degreesC. The bulk Ti beneath forms the C54 TiSi2 following the usual route through the C49-C54 phase transition. However, this transition is now enhanced, in comparison with the C54 TiSi2 formation with pure Ti, by the C54 (Mo,Ti)Si-2 atop that plays the role as a template precisely as the interfacial C40 (Mo,Ti)Si-2.
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| 8. |
- Biemont, E, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime measurements and calculations in singly ionized ytterbium
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075. ; 35:22, s. 4743-4749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New radiative lifetimes, measured by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, are reported for five Rydberg states of singly ionized ytterbium. Free Yb+ ions were produced in a laser-induced plasma. The experimental results have been compared with HFR calculations, taking core-polarization effects into account, and a good agreement (within 25%) between theory and experiment is observed for four levels. HFR results are also proposed for np (n less than or equal to 7) and nf (n less than or equal to 8) Rydberg states and compared with available data.
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| 9. |
- Dai, Zhenwen, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements of Rydberg states in LuI and comparison with theory
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075. ; 36:3, s. 479-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements have been performed for ten odd Rydberg states of neutral lutetium, belonging to the 6s(2)(S-1)np(n = 8-9) and 6 s(2)(S-1)nf (n = 5-8) series. For 6S(2)(S-1)8p and 6s(2)(S-1)7f, the experimental lifetimes corresponding to the two J values within the doublet differ substantially. Comparison with theoretical values, calculated with extensive configuration interaction and core-polarization effects included, shows that the experimental trends are adequately reproduced both for np (n = 8-9) and nf (n = 5-8) states.
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| 10. |
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