| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Hong-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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PINCH Protein Expression in Normal Endometrium, Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: CHEMOTHERAPY. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:4, s. 291-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein ( PINCH), as an adapter protein of the LIM family for signal transduction in the integrin and growth factor pathway, is upregulated in the stroma of several common types of cancers and involved in promoting tumor progression. In the present study, we examined PINCH expression in normal endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma, and further studied the relationships of PINCH expression with clinicopathological variables in cancer patients. Methods: PINCH expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 23 normal endometrial samples, 18 atypical endometrial hyperplasias and 48 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Results: The PINCH expression in the stroma of cancer (71%) was significantly increased compared to either normal endometrium (17%, p andlt; 0.0001) or atypical hyperplasia (39%, p = 0.017), along with 9 cancers that had stronger PINCH expressions at the invasive margin of the cancers compared to the inner cancers. PINCH expression in cancer was higher in the patients with hypertension (p = 0.041) and estrogen exposure time andgt;30 years (p = 0.021). On the other hand, PINCH expression was not related to menopausal status, gravid status, blood sugar/lipid, family background of cancer, histological grade, myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymph nodal metastases, growth pattern, estrogen and progestogen receptors (p andgt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that PINCH seems to play a role, presently unknown, in the tumorigenesis and development of endometrial cancer that merits further study.
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| 5. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 8:2, s. e1000313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
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| 6. |
- Wu, Ya-ting, et al.
(författare)
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Selective and simultaneous determination of trace bisphenol A and tebuconazole in vegetable and juice samples by membrane-based molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and HPLC
- 2014
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7072 .- 0308-8146. ; 164, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanofibrous molecularly imprinted membranes (nano-MIMs) with multi-analyte selectivity were prepared by encapsulating two types of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) into electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers. The obtained nano-MIMs maintained high molecular selectivity offered by each of the MIP-NPs. Nano-MIM embedding BPA-imprinted nanoparticles and TBZ-imprinted nanoparticles together showed the highest binding selectivity for acid bisphenol A (BPA) and basic tebuconazole (TBZ). This nano-MIM was used as affinity material of membrane-based molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (m-MISPE) to extract trace BPA and TBZ in vegetables and juices simultaneously. The recoveries of BPA and TBZ from different samples were higher than 70.33% with RSDs lower than 9.57%. m-MISPE gave better HPLC separation efficiencies and higher recoveries than conventional SPE based on C18/SCX. Multi-analyte selective m-MISPE combined with HPLC realized selective and simultaneous determination of several trace analytes with opposite charges/polarities in different food samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Zhou, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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MRI manifestation of novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the rat inner ear
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 5:5, s. 739-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles hierarchically coated with oleic acid and Pluronic F127 copolymers (POA@SPION) have shown exceptional 12 contrast enhancement. The aim of the present work was to investigate the MRI manifestation of POA@SPION in the inner ear. Materials & methods: A total of 26 male Wister rats were selected for testing POA@SPION administered through intracochlear, intratympanic and intravenous routes. MRI was performed with a 4.7 T MR scanner. Results & conclusion: POA@SPION can be introduced into the perilymph space, after which it becomes widely distributed and can demonstrate the integrity of the perilymph-endolymph barrier. Positive highlighting of the endolymph compartment against the darkened perilymph was visualized for the first time. POA@SPION passed through the middle-inner ear barriers in only small amounts, but stayed in the perilymph for 3 days. They did not traverse the blood-perilymph barrier or blood-endolymph barrier. The inner ear distribution of POA@SPION was confirmed by histology. POA@SPION is a promising T2 negative contrast agent.
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| 8. |
- Angleby, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Forensic Informativity of similar to 3000bp of Coding Sequence of Domestic Dog mtDNA
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 59:4, s. 898-908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discriminatory power of the noncoding control region (CR) of domestic dog mitochondrial DNA alone is relatively low. The extent to which the discriminatory power could be increased by analyzing additional highly variable coding regions of the mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) was therefore investigated. Genetic variability across the mtGenome was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis, and the three most variable similar to 1kb coding regions identified. We then sampled 100 Swedish dogs to represent breeds in accordance with their frequency in the Swedish population. A previously published dataset of 59 dog mtGenomes collected in the United States was also analyzed. Inclusion of the three coding regions increased the exclusion capacity considerably for the Swedish sample, from 0.920 for the CR alone to 0.964 for all four regions. The number of mtDNA types among all 159 dogs increased from 41 to 72, the four most frequent CR haplotypes being resolved into 22 different haplotypes.
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| 9. |
- Forrest, ARR, et al.
(författare)
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A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 507:7493, s. 462-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Proletov, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Primary and secondary glomerulonephritides 1.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3:May, s. 186-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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