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- Alcorn, J, et al.
(författare)
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Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 522:3, s. 294-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Buscaglia, M. T., et al.
(författare)
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Ferroelectric properties of dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 15:9, s. 1113-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense BaTiO3 ceramics with 50 nm average grain size obtained by spark plasma sintering were investigated. The dielectric data show a broad ferro-para phase transition with a maximum permittivity of approximate to1100 at 390 K and 1 kHz. The local ferroelectric switching behaviour was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy. Typical piezoelectric hysteresis loops were recorded at different positions of the sample. The present results provide experimental evidence for polarization switching at the local scale, indicating that the critical grain size for the disappearance of ferroelectric behaviour in dense, bulk BaTiO3 nanocrystalline ceramics is below 50 nm.
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| 6. |
- Buscaglia, V., et al.
(författare)
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Nanostructured barium titanate ceramics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 148:1, s. 24-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense nanocrystalline ceramics can be obtained starting from non-agglomerated nanopowders and using low-temperature sintering processes. The preparation and the properties of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics and thick films are reported: ceramics were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 800 degreesC of nanopowders produced by a wet chemical process, while films were fabricated by airflow deposition (AD) of mixed fine and coarse powders at room temperature followed by isothermal firing. Ferroelectric ordering was found in both the ceramics and the sintered films by a.c. impedance. The transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric state was broadened over a wide temperature range with Curie-Weiss parameters strongly depressed in comparison to coarse-grained ceramics.
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| 8. |
- Mitoseriu, L., et al.
(författare)
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Local switching properties of dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 84:13, s. 2418-2420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The switching properties of dense BaTiO3 ceramics with 50 nm average grain size were investigated at local scale by piezoresponse force microscopy. Large areas with low piezoelectrical activity beside islands with strong piezoresponse were found. The application of electric fields induces stable domain structures and changes in the polarization state far away from the probing area, probably via trans-granular dipole interactions. Piezoelectric hysteresis loops were recorded on various positions, even in regions with initial zero piezoresponse, which possibly showed a superparaelectric behavior. The results are incontestable proof that 50 nm BaTiO3 ceramics retain ferroelectricity at a local scale.
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| 9. |
- Zhao, Zhe, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Grain-size effects on the ferroelectric behavior of dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A progressive reduction of tetragonal distortion, heat of transition, Curie temperature, and relative dielectric constant has been observed on dense BaTiO3 ceramics with grain size decreasing from 1200 to 50 nm. The correlations between grain size, extent of tetragonal distortion, and ferroelectric properties strongly support the existence of an intrinsic size effect. From the experimental trends the critical size for disappearance of ferroelectricity has been evaluated to be 10-30 nm. The strong depression of the relative permittivity observed for the nanocrystalline ceramics can be ascribed to the combination of the intrinsic size effect and of the size-dependent "dilution" effect of a grain boundary "dead" layer.
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