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- Kasliwal, Mansi M., et al.
(författare)
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Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints Based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Merger Triggers during O3
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 905:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run (O3). We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization area of 4480 deg(2), a median distance of 267 Mpc, and false-alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 10(-25) yr(-1). The ZTF coverage in the g and r bands had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8 mag, and median time lag between merger and the start of observations of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UltraViolet/Optical/InfraRed (UVOIR) photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and three radio images using 17 different telescopes. We find no promising kilonovae (radioactivity-powered counterparts), and we show how to convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Initially, we assume that all GW triggers are bona fide astrophysical events regardless of false-alarm rate and that kilonovae accompanying BNS and NSBH mergers are drawn from a common population; later, we relax these assumptions. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as the discovery magnitude of GW170817 (-16.1 mag), we calculate that our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6 mag (the extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at a rate of 1 mag day(-1) (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations based on the online classifications, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6 mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, no more than <57% (<89%) of putative kilonovae could be brighter than -16.6 mag assuming flat evolution (fading by 1 mag day(-1)) at the 90% confidence level. If we further take into account the online terrestrial probability for each GW trigger, we find that no more than <68% of putative kilonovae could be brighter than -16.6 mag. Comparing to model grids, we find that some kilonovae must have M-ej M, X-lan > 10(-4), or > 30 degrees to be consistent with our limits. We look forward to searches in the fourth GW observing run; even 17 neutron star mergers with only 50% coverage to a depth of -16 mag would constrain the maximum fraction of bright kilonovae to <25%.
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- Piao, Xinyue, et al.
(författare)
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Inulin for surimi gel fortification : Performance and molecular weight-dependent effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inulin is a prebiotic carbohydrate widely used in food industry due to its health benefits and unique rheological properties. For the first time, this study explores the potential of natural inulin as a sustainable food additive to enhance surimi gel characteristics, specifically focusing on understanding its molecular weight effects. The good solubility of inulin facilitates the conversion of alpha-helix to other secondary conformations which are favorable for protein denaturation and aggregation during gelation. Moreover, the abundant -OH groups at the surface of inulin can boost the chemical forces within surimi proteins to reinforce the gel network. Compared to short-chain inulin, long-chain inulin can alleviate proteolysis, enhance hydrophobic interactions and intertwine with myosin molecules, thereby reinforcing the gel network. A more viscous long-chain inulin solution formed within surimi gels fills the space between aggregated proteins and facilitates the lock of water molecules, improving the water -holding capacity (WHC). Thus, an addition of 12 % long-chain inulin leads to an enhanced hardness of surimi gel from 943 to 1593 and improved WHC from 72 % to 85 %. A new inulin-myosin interaction mechanism model is also proposed to provide useful guidelines for surimi processing and expanding the application of inulin within the food industries.
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- Su, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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A novel convection and radiation combined terminal device : Its impact on occupant thermal comfort and cognitive performance in winter indoor environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal comfort systems usually use a single heat transfer mode to improve local thermal comfort by only stimulating one local body part. A novel hybrid convection and radiation combined terminal device, which could be used both in summer and winter, was proposed. A total of sixteen human subjects took part in a winter subjective experiment to test its performance on the improvement of occupants’ thermal comfort and cognitive performance in winter. Occupants’ thermal comfort, air movement perception, eye dryness and cognitive performance were investigated. The results showed that 88% of the subjects accepted 16℃ room temperature. 0.4 m/s air speed to face and abdomen parts is acceptable when convective airflow temperature is 4.5℃ higher than room temperature. No dry eye discomfort was reported while using a controllable device. Furthermore, subjects’ cognitive performance, including self-evaluate work performance, math (mental performance) and typing performance (dexterity), could be significantly improved by using the novel device. Energy efficient thermal comfort can be achieved by less intensifying ambient heating temperature to 16℃ in winter.
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- Xie, Xu-Qin, et al.
(författare)
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miR-124 Intensified Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy by Targeting CAPN2 in Colorectal Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS. - : CELL PRESS. - 2372-7705. ; 17, s. 320-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our previous study demonstrated that miR-124 was downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with normal mucosa, and the downregulated expression of miR-124 was an independent prognostic factor in CRC patients. However, the function of miR-124 in CRC patients treated with chemotherapy is currently unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the miR-124 expression and its regulative role in oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-based chemotherapy of CRC patients. We observed that low miR-124 expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in the 220 patients who received postoperative chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] +leucovorin+L-OHP (FOLFOX) or capecitabine+L-OHP (XELOX). miR-124 overexpression promoted L-OHP-induced, but not 5-FU-induced, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HT29 and SW480 cells. CAPN2 was a direct target of miR124, and its protein expression was reduced by forced expression of miR-124. miR-124 inhibited tumorigenesis and promoted OS of mice bearing xenograft tumors, especially upon L-OHP treatment. miR-124 also promoted L-OHP-induced apoptosis and restrained CAPN2 protein expression in xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that miR-124 could be considered as both a predictor of L-OHP-based chemotherapy for personalized treatment and a therapeutic target for CRC.
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- Yang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced effects of footwarmer by wearing sandals in winter office : a Swedish case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Indoor + Built Environment. - : Sage Publications. - 1420-326X .- 1423-0070. ; 30:7, s. 875-885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-centred thermal environment conditioning can guarantee thermal comfort needs of human occupants in their micro-environments by using localized heating/cooling devices. Meanwhile, less intensified thermal conditioning of unoccupied surrounding environments can achieve heating/cooling energy efficiency. The concept was originated from task/ambient conditioning, which was developed for personal comfort systems. Most of the localized heating/cooling devices are workstation based or chair based. Task conditioning would become more closely to targets (human bodies) by using special clothing materials or thermoelectric elements. From thermal physiological viewpoints, thermal stimulus to thermally sensitive body parts may generate better results for not only local thermal comfort but also for whole body thermal comfort. Thermal stimulus to the extremities (feet) has demonstrated good thermal comfort effects. Scandinavians are accustomed to outdoor harsh environments and prefer wearing heavy shoes' outdoors in winter. They have the habit of changing heavy shoes to sandals when entering offices, which give the opportunity to enhance localized heating effects of footwarmers by reducing shoes' thermal resistance. Climatic chamber tests with 32 Nordic subjects were performed under different indoor ambient heating temperatures with/without the aid of footwarmers. With footwarmers and sandals, indoor heating temperature at 16°C was acceptable, which achieved energy efficient thermal comfort.
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| 8. |
- Yang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of relayed fans and low level exhausts on performance of attachment ventilation under heating mode
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compared with displacement ventilation, attachment ventilation characterized by high supply air momentum has the potential to generate warm air lake on the floor under winter heating mode. However, the airflow can not keep attaching to the floor and moves upwards by thermal buoyancy. The influence of relayed fans and low level exhausts on performance of attachment ventilation under heating mode was explored. One/two relayed fans and five dimensionless exhaust heights were investigated. Performance evaluating index include vertical temperature gradient, temperature efficiency, predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) and Draught risk (DR). Simulation results showed that relayed fans and low level exhausts effectively increase the attachment length of warm air lake in winter. Operation of relayed fans reduces vertical temperature difference, maintaining the head and foot temperature difference less than 3 °C. Low level exhausts effectively increase occupant zone temperature, reduce airflow short circuit and improve temperature efficiency. The operation of relayed fans slightly increase the temperature efficiency under high level exhausts. Two relayed fans decrease the temperature efficiency under low level exhausts. Better performance can be achieved by using only one relayed fan.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Shuangshuang, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of carbon-based strongest and hardest amorphous material
- 2022
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Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon is one of the most fascinating elements due to its structurally diverse allotropic forms stemming from its bonding varieties (sp, sp2, and sp3). Exploring new forms of carbon has always been the eternal theme of scientific research. Herein, we report the amorphous (AM) carbon materials with high fraction of sp3 bonding recovered from compression of fullerene C60 under high pressure and high temperature previously unexplored. Analysis of photoluminescence and absorption spectra demonstrates that they are semiconducting with a bandgap range of 1.5–2.2 eV, comparable to that of widely used amorphous silicon. Comprehensive mechanical tests demonstrate that the synthesized AM-III carbon is the hardest and strongest amorphous material known so far, which can scratch diamond crystal and approach its strength. The produced AM carbon materials combine outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, and may potentially be used in photovoltaic applications that require ultrahigh strength and wear resistance.
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- Adlerberth, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Thermometric analysis of blood metabolites in ICU patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1388-6150 .- 1588-2926. ; 140:2, s. 763-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time monitoring of patient’s blood metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, could potentially improve surgery and recovery outcomes for patients in surgical and intensive care units. Our enzyme thermometric biosensor which is based on flow injected calorimetric determination of immobilized enzyme reaction is capable of performing continuous, fast, and quantitative analysis of metabolites using whole blood. A key technical advantage the assay affords is the ability to use unpretreated whole blood. In this article, the enzyme thermometric biosensor was used, for the first time, to determine glucose and lactate concentrations in the blood of ICU patients. The linear detection range for glucose was 0.5–30 mM and 0.25–12 mM for lactate, using a 20 μL sample volume. A maximum sampling rate of 15 measurements per hour was achieved using venous blood samples, which corresponds to a 4-min measurement interval. In order to validate the accuracy of the results, a comparative analysis between the thermometric biosensor and the clinically applied instrument (LifeScan’s OneTouch®) which is based on disposable dry chemical reaction was performed using samples from 33 patients. The results showed a good correlation between the two methods for both glucose (r = 0.843, p < 0.0001) and lactate (r = 0.78, p = 0.0105). The ability to monitor metabolite levels and trends on a clinically relevant timescale of 5 min is critical for intensive monitoring of ICP and operative patients.
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