| 1. |
- Mat, Mahmut D., et al.
(författare)
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Development of cathodes for methanol and ethanol fuelled low temperature (300-600 degrees C) solid oxide fuel cells
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 32:7, s. 796-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have made extensive efforts to develop various compatible cathode materials for the ceria-carbonate composite (CCC) electrolytes to be used in direct alcohol fuelled solid oxide fuel cells (DLFC). The following cathode materials were mainly investigated: (i) BSCF (BaSrCoFeO) perovskite oxide; (ii) LFN (LaFeO-based oxides, e.g. LaFe0.8Ni0.2O3) perovskite oxides; (iii) bi- or tri-phase metal oxides with or without lithiation. A number of copper- and nickel-based anode composites were also developed for methanol and ethanol with maximum catalytic activity. The tri-metal oxide (CuNiOx-ZnO) cathode produced the maximum power density output of 500 mW/cm(-2) at 580 degrees C for DLFC with methanol operation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Compatible cathode materials for high performance low temperature (300-600°C) solid oxide fuel cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 4th International ASME Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, FUELCELL2006. - : ASMEDC. - 0791837807 - 9780791837801
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have made extensive efforts to develop various compatible electrode materials for the ceria-based composite (CBC) electrolytes, which have been, reported as most advanced LTSOFC electrolyte materials (Zhu, 2003). The electrode materials we have investigated can be classified as four categories: i) LSCCF (LaSrCoCaFeO) and BSCF perovskite oxides applied for our CBC electrolyte LTSOFCs; ii) LFN (LaFeO-based oxides, e.g. LaFe0.8Ni 0.2O3) perovskite oxides; iii) lithiated oxides: e.g. LiNiOx, LiVOx or LiCuOx are typical cathode examples for the CBC LTSOFCs; iv) other mixed oxide systems, most common in a mixture of two-oxide phases, such CuOx-NiOx, CuO-ZnO etc. systems with or without lithiation are developed for the CBC systems, especially for direct alcohol LTSOFCs. These cathode materials used for the CBC electrolyte LTSOFCs have demonstrated excellent performances at 300-600°C, e.g. 1000 mWcm-2 was achieved at 580°C. The LTSOFCs can be operated with a wide range of fuels, e.g. hydrogen, methanol, ethanol etc with great potential for applications.
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| 4. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 4th International ASME Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. - : ASMEDC. - 0791837807 - 9780791837801
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on innovative ceria-based composite (CBC) material advantages we have made strong efforts to make technical developments on scaling up material production, fabrication technologies on large cells and stack operated at low temperatures (300 to 600°C). Next generation materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been developed based on abundant natural resources of the industrial grade mixed rare-earth carbonates named as LCP. Here we show the LCP-based materials used as functional electrolytes to achieve excellent fuel cell performances, 300-800 mWcm2 for low temperatures, exhibiting a great availability for industrialization and commercialization. Copyright
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using industrial grade mixed rare-earth oxide electrolytes
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 33:13, s. 3385-3392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on abundant natural resources of industrial grade mixed rare-earth carbonates and composites. The materials possessed natural compositions and nano-scale particles. The electrolytes made from these materials were able to achieve excellent fuel cell performances, 300-800 mW/cm(2), at low temperatures (LT: 300-600 degrees C). Ionic transport mechanism, two-phase interface functions and composite role in electrolytes as well as resulted advanced fuel cell performances are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Di, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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A novel composite electrolyte based on CeO2 for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Materials. - 1000-324X. ; 23:3, s. 573-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel composite material based on mixture of samarium-doped ceria (SDC)-carbonate was studied as electrolyte in low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The phase and microstructures of composite electrolyte were examined by XRD and SEM. The electrical conductivity was investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy at 400-700 degrees C in different atmospheres. An abrupt change in the conductivity at about 500 degrees C indicates that different mechanisms affect transfer in different temperature ranges. The conductivity increases with the carbonate fraction above 500 degrees C. The conductivity in reduce atmosphere is higher than that in oxide atmosphere. An anode-supported fuel cell using SDC-carbonate as electrolyte was fabricated and tested. The result shows that all the composite electrolytes exhibit better performance than pure SDC electrolyte. The electrolyte with 20wt% carbonate can achieve the highest power density of 415mW center dot cm(-2) and an open circuit voltage of 1.00V at 500 degrees C.
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| 7. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 8. |
- Feng, B., et al.
(författare)
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Catalysts and performances for direct methanol low temperature (300 to 600°C) ceramic fuel cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proc. Eur. Fuel Cell Technol. Applic. Conf. Book Abstr.. - 0791842096 - 9780791842096
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperature (300 to 600°C) ceramic fuel cells promise high efficiencies in a range of fuels other than pure hydrogen. In this case, liquid hydrocarbon fuels, e.g., methanol can be easily thermally decomposed to H2 and CO that can be directly used for fuel cell operation without external reformer leading to simple system and high efficient operation. In the present work, a novel anode catalyst C-MO-CeO2 (C=activated carbon/carbon black, M=Cu, Ni, Co) was synthesized employing citrate/nitrate combustion technique. And acceptable performances, e.g. power intensity of 0.20 W cm-2, were achieved by directly operating the methanol at 560°C. Also the carbon deposition and cracking on anode were studied as thermal decomposing of methanol. Transition metal oxides of CuO with n-type conductivity and NiO, CoO with p-type conductivity, possess catalytic activity of the electrochemical oxidation for liquid hydrocarbon fuels. CeO2 becomes an oxide-ion and electron mixed conductor in the reducing fuel environment, which can expand the reaction zone beyond three-phase boundaries, can store and transfer oxygen ions, so it can also enhance the catalytic oxidation of methanol. In addition, carbon materials e.g., activated carbon and carbon black were used to improve the characters of anode materials, especially to enhance the anode electronic conductivity and catalyst function to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In contrast to LaCrO3-based, Ni-YSZ-based anode materials, C-MO-CeO2 can be synthesized more economically. Thus there arc considerable interests and demands in finding alternative anodes composites.
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| 9. |
- Feng, B., et al.
(författare)
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Catalysts and performances for direct methanol low-temperature (300 to 600 degrees C) solid oxide fuel cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Electrochemical and solid-state letters. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1099-0062 .- 1944-8775. ; 9:2, s. A80-A81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel anode catalyst, C-MO-SDC (C=activated carbon/carbon black, M=Cu, Ni, Co, SDC=Ce0.9Sm0.1O1.95) was synthesized by employing a citrate/nitrate combustion technique. Carbon materials, e.g., activated carbon and carbon black were first used to improve the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode properties, especially to improve the microstructure and to enhance the anode conductivity and catalyst function for directly operating methanol as the fuel. The resulting anode catalyst C-MO-SDC materials used in a SOFC device have successfully achieved a high power density of 0.25 W cm(-2) by directly operating the methanol at 560 degrees C.
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| 10. |
- Feng, B., et al.
(författare)
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Novel AC-M-SCC anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells using methanol at intermediate or low temperature
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology. - : ASME Press. - 0791837645 ; , s. 785-788
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, novel anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells which can directly operate liquid fuels at intermediate or low temperature were investigated. These materials were based on the activated carbons supported transition metal catalysts (AC-M) and the solid carbonate-ceria composite (SCC) materials, which were prepared via the sol-gel route. The SCCs possess both oxide-ion and proton conductivity, being used as multi-ion conductors. Activated carbons supported transition metals were used to improve the characters of anode materials and especially to enhance the anode catalyst function to liquid fuels, e.g., methanol. The internal reforming of liquid fuels was proved. There is no external reforming system needed. We used also the chemical methods to improve the commercial activated carbons. The microstructure, conductivity and electrochemical properties of anode materials were investigated as functions of the activated carbon pre-treating condition. Using these novel materials, the power intensity of 0.2 W/cm 2 was achieved for fuel cells directly operating the methanol at 600°C.
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