| 1. |
- Lagisz, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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Optimism, pessimism and judgement bias in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 118
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Just as happy people see the proverbial glass as half-full, optimistic or pessimistic responses to ambiguity might also reflect affective states in animals. Judgement bias tests, designed to measure these responses, are an increasingly popular way of assessing animal affect and there is now a substantial, but heterogeneous, literature on their use across different species, affect manipulations, and study designs. By conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of 459 effect sizes from 71 studies of non-pharmacological affect manipulations on 22 non-human species, we show that animals in relatively better conditions, assumed to generate more positive affect, show more optimistic judgements of ambiguity than those in relatively worse conditions. Overall effects are small when considering responses to all cues, but become more pronounced when non-ambiguous training cues are excluded from analyses or when focusing only on the most divergent responses between treatment groups. Task type (go/no-go; go/go active choice), training cue reinforcement (reward-punishment; reward-null; reward-reward) and sex of animals emerge as potential moderators of effect sizes in judgement bias tests.
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| 2. |
- Neville, Vikki, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological manipulations of judgement bias: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 108, s. 269-286
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Validated measures of animal affect are crucial to research spanning numerous disciplines. Judgement bias, which assesses decision-making under ambiguity, is a promising measure of animal affect. One way of validating this measure is to administer drugs with affect-altering properties in humans to non-human animals and determine whether the predicted judgement biases are observed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using data from 20 published research articles that use this approach, from which 557 effect sizes were extracted. Pharmacological manipulations overall altered judgement bias at the probe cues as predicted. However, there were several moderating factors including the neurobiological target of the drug, whether the drug induced a relatively positive or negative affective state in humans, dosage, and the presented cue. This may partially reflect interference from adverse effects of the drug which should be considered when interpreting results. Thus, the overall pattern of change in animal judgement bias appears to reflect the affect-altering properties of drugs in humans, and hence may be a valuable measure of animal affective valence.
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| 3. |
- Weber, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Aggression in Group-Housed Male Mice: A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggression among group-housed male mice is a major animal welfare concern often observed at animal facilities. Studies designed to understand the causes of male mice aggression have used different methodological approaches and have been heterogeneous, using different strains, environmental enrichments, housing conditions, group formations and durations. By conducting a systematic literature review based on 198 observed conclusions from 90 articles, we showed that the methodological approach used to study aggression was relevant for the outcome and suggested that home cage observations were better when studying home cage aggression than tests provoking aggression outside the home cage. The study further revealed that aggression is a complex problem; one solution will not be appropriate for all animal facilities and all research projects. Recommendations were provided on promising tools to minimize aggression, based on the results, which included what type of environmental enrichments could be appropriate and which strains of male mice were less likely to be aggressive.
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