| 1. |
- Bationo, C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-temporal analysis and prediction of malaria cases using remote sensing meteorological data in Diébougou health district, Burkina Faso, 2016–2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaria control and prevention programs are more efficient and cost-effective when they target hotspots or select the best periods of year to implement interventions. This study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of malaria hotspots at the village level in Diébougou health district, Burkina Faso, and to model the temporal dynamics of malaria cases as a function of meteorological conditions and of the distance between villages and health centres (HCs). Case data for 27 villages were collected in 13 HCs. Meteorological data were obtained through remote sensing. Two synthetic meteorological indicators (SMIs) were created to summarize meteorological variables. Spatial hotspots were detected using the Kulldorf scanning method. A General Additive Model was used to determine the time lag between cases and SMIs and to evaluate the effect of SMIs and distance to HC on the temporal evolution of malaria cases. The multivariate model was fitted with data from the epidemic year to predict the number of cases in the following outbreak. Overall, the incidence rate in the area was 429.13 cases per 1000 person-year with important spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Four spatial hotspots, involving 7 of the 27 villages, were detected, for an incidence rate of 854.02 cases per 1000 person-year. The hotspot with the highest risk (relative risk = 4.06) consisted of a single village, with an incidence rate of 1750.75 cases per 1000 person-years. The multivariate analysis found greater variability in incidence between HCs than between villages linked to the same HC. The time lag that generated the better predictions of cases was 9 weeks for SMI1 (positively correlated with precipitation variables) and 16 weeks for SMI2 (positively correlated with temperature variables. The prediction followed the overall pattern of the time series of reported cases and predicted the onset of the following outbreak with a precision of less than 3 weeks. This analysis of malaria cases in Diébougou health district, Burkina Faso, provides a powerful prospective method for identifying and predicting high-risk areas and high-transmission periods that could be targeted in future malaria control and prevention campaigns.
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| 2. |
- Capitant, Sylvie, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : l’éthique de l’or, l’or (in)juste
- 2022
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Ingår i: Revue Internationale des Études du Développement. - : OpenEdition. - 2554-3415 .- 2554-3555. ; 249, s. 7-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Dahal, Prabin, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal distribution of Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence following artemisinin-based combination therapy : an individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : Springer Nature. - 1475-2875. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The duration of trial follow-up affects the ability to detect recrudescent infections following anti-malarial treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the proportions of recrudescent parasitaemia as ascribed by genotyping captured at various follow-up time-points in treatment efficacy trials for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.Methods: Individual patient data from 83 anti-malarial efficacy studies collated in the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) repository with at least 28 days follow-up were available. The temporal and cumulative distributions of recrudescence were characterized using a Cox regression model with shared frailty on study-sites. Fractional polynomials were used to capture non-linear instantaneous hazard. The area under the density curve (AUC) of the constructed distribution was used to estimate the optimal follow-up period for capturing a P. falciparum malaria recrudescence. Simulation studies were conducted based on the constructed distributions to quantify the absolute overestimation in efficacy due to sub-optimal follow-up.Results: Overall, 3703 recurrent infections were detected in 60 studies conducted in Africa (15,512 children aged < 5 years) and 23 studies conducted in Asia and South America (5272 patients of all ages). Using molecular genotyping, 519 (14.0%) recurrences were ascribed as recrudescent infections. A 28 day artemether-lumefantrine (AL) efficacy trial would not have detected 58% [95% confidence interval (CI) 47-74%] of recrudescences in African children and 32% [95% CI 15-45%] in patients of all ages in Asia/South America. The corresponding estimate following a 42 day dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) efficacy trial in Africa was 47% [95% CI 19-90%] in children under 5 years old treated with > 48 mg/kg total piperaquine (PIP) dose and 9% [95% CI 0-22%] in those treated with <= 48 mg/kg PIP dose. In absolute terms, the simulation study found that trials limited to 28 days follow-up following AL underestimated the risk of recrudescence by a median of 2.8 percentage points compared to day 63 estimates and those limited to 42 days following DP underestimated the risk of recrudescence by a median of 2.0 percentage points compared to day 42 estimates. The analysis was limited by few clinical trials following patients for longer than 42 days (9 out of 83 trials) and the imprecision of PCR genotyping which overcalls recrudescence in areas of higher transmission biasing the later distribution.Conclusions: Restricting follow-up of clinical efficacy trials to day 28 for AL and day 42 for DP will miss a proportion of late recrudescent treatment failures but will have a modest impact in derived efficacy. The results highlight that as genotyping methods improve consideration should be given for trials with longer duration of follow-up to detect early indications of emerging drug resistance.
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| 4. |
- Hagberg, Sten, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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"Femmes de devant!" : Combat du leadership féminin au Burkina Faso
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cette étude décrit et analyse les contextes, structures et circonstances qui conditionnent la participation des filles et des femmes dans l’espace public, dans les sphères de prise de décision et dans des rôles de leadership au sein des arènes locales au Burkina Faso. Malgré des décennies de campagnes d’information et de sensibilisation menées, de mesures engagées et de décisions prises, l’égalité du genre en ce qui concerne le leadership sociopolitique et la participation politique demeure faible, tandis que les femmes comme mobilisatrices sociales et politiques sont mises en avant.Une équipe des anthropologues a conduit les recherches de terrain sur le leadership féminin dans 14 communes burkinabè. Le thème central est le combat des femmes leaders. Il s’agit de ces « femmes de devant » qui ne se laissent pas faire et qui luttent pour construire un leadership féminin qui peut définitivement changer la donne pour permettre à ce que les femmes puissent percer en politique. Au quotidien, les femmes de devant mènent le combat sur plusieurs fronts : politique, institutionnel, ménager, associatif, financier, social, éducatif, psychologique, culturel, etc.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hagberg, Sten, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Security from below in Burkina Faso : Citizen perceptions and perspectives
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This joint anthropological study is about security and safety challenges seen and experienced from below, notably the perceptions and perspectives of Burkinabe citizens. Eight researchers document and make a qualitative analysis of security at the local level, in 13 municipalities across the country. Two points of departure guided this work: firstly, the importance of integrating citizens’ perceptions of security and insecurity in a global analysis of security and safety challenges; and secondly, the security from below approach conceives of military and police security as one perspective among several others. The study forms part of a series of anthropological team research publications that seek to describe, analyse and put into perspective how daily realities are “seen and lived” by local actors and the general public, or simply “ordinary citizens”, as well as relevant social and political actors on the local level. A large part of this English version is a translation of the French version published in 2019, with some important exceptions: the concluding chapter integrates the more recent developments in terms of insecurity and political turbulence of Burkina Faso; and an epilogue co-authored by Sten Hagberg and Ludovic Kibora sheds further light on security from below in 2023.
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| 7. |
- Mansoor, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria : a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1741-7015. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPlasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia.MethodsIndividual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall >= 25% at day 3 and day 7.ResultsA total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0-19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0-20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9-17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age < 1 compared to >= 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39-3.05], p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery.
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| 8. |
- Soré, Zakaria, et al.
(författare)
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Politiser le «vide sécuritaire» : À propos des groupes d’autodéfense koglweogo au Burkina Faso
- 2021
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Ingår i: Politique Africaine. - : CAIRN. - 0244-7827. ; 163:3, s. 127-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Burkina Faso, the recent emergence of the “koglweogo” vigilante groups is often explained as a result of a “security vacuum.” This explanation, however, tends to depoliticize the power relations that underlie the phenomenon of vigilantism. In this article we analyze the justifications for the emergence and work of koglweogo groups and for the national policy of community-based policing that aims to give these groups a mandate. This analysis helps shine a light on the power struggles that underlie the determination of the notion of security itself. It is through these political and economic power relations that we understand the emergence and “success” of these vigilante groups within a dynamic of state formation.
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| 9. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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