| 1. |
- Tavares, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 617:7959, s. 111-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tropical forests face increasing climate risk(1,2), yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, ?(50)) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk(3-5), little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters ?(50) and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both ?(50) and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM(50 )forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon(6,7), with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.
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| 2. |
- Coelho, Frederico, et al.
(author)
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Forecasting power load curves from spatial and temporal mobile data
- 2020
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In: World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development. - 1741-2234 .- 1741-2242. ; 16:1, s. 4-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work aims at applying computational intelligence approaches to telecommunication data, in order to associate mobile data to energy consumption load curves. Clustering methods are applied in order to allow the telecommunication network to infer about its topology and consumption load forecasting. Through an extensive analysis of Telecom Italia dataset and power distribution lines data available for the city of Trento, it was possible to confirm the high correlation between them, mainly when voice data is considered. To a great extent, this correlation can be explained by the fact that cellular communication devices are physically present in the service area of the distribution lines and when people are communicating, they are also consuming energy. Based on the aforementioned dataset, load curves for the city of Trento were constructed having as inputs data from telecommunication transactions. Results show that it is possible to use the telecommunication load as the input to predict the energy load, with the proposed model performing better than the naive predictor in 82% of the tested distribution lines.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Ingela, 1948-, et al.
(author)
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Core ethical issues of clinical nursing supervision
- 2005
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In: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 7:1, s. 21-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical nursing supervision enables supervisees to reflect on ethically difficult caring situations, thereby strengthening their professional identity, integrating nursing theory and practice, and leading to the development of ethical competence. The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of the core ethical issues of clinical nursing supervision, using previous research as well as philosophical analysis of the theories of three moral philosophers: Harald Ofstad, Richard Hare and Carol Gilligan. The ultimate aim of this study was to develop a general model for ethical decision-making and to establish its relevance for clinical nursing supervision. The findings highlight four important values for the development of a basis for ethical decision-making. These values are caring, dignity, responsibility and virtue.
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| 5. |
- Ingrid, Snellman, 1949-
(author)
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Den mänskliga professionaliteten : En filosofisk undersökning av det autentiska mötets betydelse för patientens välbefinnande
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The following study is based on observations made in practical medical and nursing care. A practical medical and nursing care problem is introduced, in which an imbalance is shown between the expectations on medical and nursing staff expressed by the patient and the fact that the medical and nursing staff has not had the opportunity to develop the ability to notice and meet the expectations of the patient. In order to solve the above-mentioned complex, practical medical and nursing care problem, it is essential to analyse such terms as: ‘authentic encounter’, ‘health’, ‘emotion’ and ‘personhood’ in order, thereby, to define the necessary conditions for a patient-carer encounter in which the independence and dignity of the patient is respected and active participation in the patient’s own health status is facilitated. In order for the patient’s independence and dignity to be respected, the following conditions for the authentic encounter are discussed. One such fundamental condition for the authentic encounter is Martin Buber’s modified I-Thou relation, the characteristics of which are mutuality, acceptance and confirmation. The ability of medical and nursing staff to create such an encounter based on these characteristics is also emphasised in order to safeguard the dignity of the patient. In addition to the modified I -Thou relation, a number of other prerequisites are discussed, attention to which is essential when creating an authentic encounter. One such condition is the view of health held by the carer. A review of various perspectives on health shows that an individual oriented, social approach is applicable since the outlook on humankind characterising such an approach is that of seeing the patient as a freely acting being with abilities of his own. Another condition for the authentic encounter is the interactive attitude described by Martha Nussbaum, which stresses the importance of getting to know one’s own emotions by accepting them but also by trusting others. Finally, the concept of personhood is discussed in order to clarify a further condition for the authentic encounter, namely, that the carer show consideration for the patient as the person she or he actually is. Making this possible demands a non-static conception of personhood, the fundamental idea of which is that the encounter takes place on the basis of the patient’s abilities and resources.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Margareta, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Community nurses’ experiences of ethical dilemmas in palliative care : A Swedish study
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Palliative Nursing. - London : Mark Allen Group. - 1357-6321 .- 2052-286X. ; 16:5, s. 224-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight community nurses' experiences of ethical dilemmas in palliative care.Background: There are many studies on palliative care but research on how community nurses experience ethical dilemmas in palliative home care is lacking. The ethical dilemmas to which these nurses are exposed seriously challenge their ethical competence.Method: Seven community nurses described their experiences of ethical dilemmas in palliative home care. The data was analysed by means of qualitative content analysis.Findings: The core themes that emerged were: powerlessness, frustration, and concern in relation to ethical dilemmas in palliative care. The nurses were motivated and felt responsibility for their patients' end of life, and their relatives, and took their duties seriously. They wanted to satisfy all parties; the patient, the relatives and other palliative care professionals.Conclusion: The study confirms the need for knowledge about how community nurses experience dilemmas in ethical decision-making. They have the freedom to act and the willingness to make decisions, but they lack competence and knowledge about how their colleagues' experience and deal with such issues.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Margareta, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Community nurses' experiences of ethical problems in end-of-life care in the patient's own home.
- 2013
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:4, s. 831-838
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To gain a deeper understanding of community nurses' experiences of ethical problems in end-of-life care in the patient's own home. METHOD: Ten female nurses from five different communities with experience of end-of-life care were interviewed. A hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer was used to analyse the qualitative data from the interviews. FINDINGS: In the first step of interpretation, two themes emerged: Uncomfortable feelings and Lack of cooperation and in the second step, one theme Lack of security emerged. Finally, the overall interpretation revealed the theme Feelings of loss of control in end-of-life care in the patient's own home. CONCLUSION: The nurses exhibited commitment and a desire to do good when caring for patients in the end-of-life phase, even if they sometimes experienced feelings of lack of control. This implies that, when confronted with care-related issues, they have the power to both act and react. This study aimed to increase understanding of ethical problems that arise in end-of-life care in the patient's own home and revealed the need to take the patients', relatives' and nurses' perspectives on health and suffering into consideration to ensure good end-of-life home care.
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| 8. |
- Koslander, Tiburtius, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Existential and Spiritual Needs in Mental Health Care : An Ethical and Holistic Perspective
- 2009
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In: Journal of Holistic Nursing. - Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. - 0898-0101 .- 1552-5724. ; 27:1, s. 34-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study illuminates how existential needs and spiritual needs are connected with health care ethics and individuals’ mental health and well-being. The term existential needs is defined as the necessity of experiencing life as meaningful, whereas the term spiritual needs is defined as the need of deliverance from despair, guilt and/or sin, and of pastoral care. It discusses whether or not patients’ needs are holistically addressed in Western health care systems that neglect patients’ existential and spiritual needs, because of their biomedical view of Man which recognizes only patients’ physical needs. It excludes a holistic health care which considers all needs, expressed by patients in treatment of mental illness. Addressing all needs is important for patients’ improvement and recovery. For some patients, this is the only way to regain their mental health and well-being.
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| 9. |
- Lindh, Inga-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Courage and nursing practice : a theoretical analysis
- 2010
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In: Nursing Ethics. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 17:5, s. 551-565
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article aims to deepen the understanding of courage through a theoretical analysis of classical philosophers’ work and a review of published and unpublished empirical research on courage in nursing. The authors sought answers to questions regarding how courage is understood from a philosophical viewpoint and how it is expressed in nursing actions. Four aspects were identified as relevant to a deeper understanding of courage in nursing practice: courage as an ontological concept, a moral virtue, a property of an ethical act, and a creative capacity. The literature review shed light on the complexity of the concept of courage and revealed some lack of clarity in its use. Consequently, if courage is to be used consciously to influence nurses’ ethical actions it seems important to recognize its specific features. The results suggest it is imperative to foster courage among nurses and student nurses to prepare them for ethical, creative action and further the development of professional nursing practices.
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| 10. |
- Lindh, Inga-Britt, et al.
(author)
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Courage and nursing practice : a theoretical analysis
- 2010
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In: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 17:5, s. 551-565
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article aims to deepen the understanding of courage through a theoretical analysis of classical philosophers’ work and a review of published and unpublished empirical research on courage in nursing. The authors sought answers to questions regarding how courage is understood from a philosophical viewpoint and how it is expressed in nursing actions. Four aspects were identified as relevant to a deeper understanding of courage in nursing practice: courage as an ontological concept, a moral virtue, a property of an ethical act, and a creative capacity. The literature review shed light on the complexity of the concept of courage and revealed some lack of clarity in its use. Consequently, if courage is to be used consciously to influence nurses’ ethical actions it seems important to recognize its specific features. The results suggest it is imperative to foster courage among nurses and student nurses to prepare them for ethical, creative action and further the development of professional nursing practices.
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