| 1. |
- den Hoed, M, et al.
(författare)
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SNP analyses of postprandial responses in (an)orexigenic hormones and feelings of hunger reveal long-term physiological adaptations to facilitate homeostasis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 32:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The postprandial responses in (an)orexigenic hormones and feelings of hunger are characterized by large inter-individual differences. Food intake regulation was shown earlier to be partly under genetic control.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether the postprandial responses in (an)orexigenic hormones and parameters of food intake regulation are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for satiety hormones and their receptors.DESIGN: Peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 and ghrelin levels, as well as feelings of hunger and satiety, were determined pre- and postprandially in 62 women and 41 men (age 31+/-14 years; body mass index 25.0+/-3.1 kg/m(2)). Dietary restraint, disinhibition and perceived hunger were determined using the three-factor eating questionnaire. SNPs were determined in the GHRL, GHSR, LEP, LEPR, PYY, NPY, NPY2R and CART genes.RESULTS: The postprandial response in plasma ghrelin levels was associated with SNPs in PYY (215G>C, P<0.01) and LEPR (326A>G and 688A>G, P<0.01), and in plasma PYY levels with SNPs in GHRL (-501A>C, P<0.05) and GHSR (477G>A, P<0.05). The postprandial response in feelings of hunger was characterized by an SNP-SNP interaction involving SNPs in LEPR and NPY2R (668A>G and 585T>C, P<0.05). Dietary restraint and disinhibition were associated with an SNP in GHSR (477G>A, P<0.05), and perceived hunger with SNPs in GHSR and NPY (477G>A and 204T>C, P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Part of the inter-individual variability in postprandial responses in (an)orexigenic hormones can be explained by genetic variation. These postprandial responses represent either long-term physiological adaptations to facilitate homeostasis or reinforce direct genetic effects.
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| 2. |
- den Hoed, M, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle fiber-type distribution and habitual physical activity in daily life.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 19:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capacity to perform physical activity largely depends on physical fitness. Muscle fiber-type distribution (Muscle(FTD)) is associated with physical fitness and may influence the capacity to perform physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether habitual physical activity in daily life (PA(DL)) and Muscle(FTD) are related. Thirty-eight healthy non-athletes (31 women, 7 men) were recruited. PA(DL) was measured twice for 14 days using a tri-axial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor). From Tracmor output, the proportion of time subjects were physically active at low, moderate, and high intensities was determined (%Low, %Moderate, and %High, respectively). A total activity index (PA(index)) and sub-scores on work, leisure-time and sports were obtained using the Baecke questionnaire. Muscle(FTD) was determined using immuno-fluorescence against respective myosin heavy chain isoforms. No relationship was observed between PA(DL) and Muscle(FTD). %Low, %Moderate, and %High, as well as PA(index) and its sub-scores, were not related to Muscle(FTD) either. The time spent on sports was associated with the proportion of type I and II(X) fibers (P=0.06 and P<0.01, respectively). In conclusion, Muscle(FTD) probably cannot explain why some people are more prone to engaging in physical activities than others.
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| 3. |
- den Hoed, M, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 32:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Activity-related energy expenditure is the most variable component of total energy expenditure and thus an important determinant of energy balance.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether body composition is related to physical activity in both men and women.DESIGN: A total of 134 healthy participants were recruited (80 women, 54 men; aged 21+/-2 years; body mass index, 22.0+/-2.4). Physical activity was measured for a period of 2 weeks using a triaxial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor). Percentage body fat (%BF) was determined by underwater weighing and deuterium dilution according to Siri's three-compartment model.RESULTS: The participant characteristics-body mass, height and gender together explained a substantial part of the variation in %BF (R(2)=0.75, SEE=4.0%). Adding physical activity to the model increased the explained variation in %BF with 4% (R(2)=0.79, SEE=3.7%, P<0.001). Taking seasonality into account by adding the number of daylight hours as an independent variable further increased the explained variation with 1% (R(2)=0.80, SEE=3.7%, P<0.05). In analogy, the association was evaluated for both genders separately. In women, %BF and physical activity were significantly associated (P<0.001). In men, %BF was only associated with physical activity when seasonality was taken into account as well (P<0.05). This probably resulted from men participating more in season bound sports, because an association was found without adjusting for seasonality when only men with a consistent year-round participation in sports were considered.CONCLUSION: Evidence was found for an association between body composition and physical activity in both genders. A consistent year-round degree of physical activity appears to be a prerequisite to reveal the association. Moreover, Tracmor-assessed physical activity improves the estimate of %BF when a participant's characteristics are taken into account.
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| 4. |
- den Hoed, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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Postprandial responses in hunger and satiety are associated with the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism in FTO.
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 90:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The common rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is associated with adiposity, possibly by affecting satiety responsiveness.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine whether postprandial responses in hunger and satiety are associated with rs9939609, taking interactions with other relevant candidate genes into account.DESIGN: Sixty-two women and 41 men [age: 31 +/- 14 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 25.0 +/- 3.1] were genotyped for 5 SNPs in FTO, DNMT1, DNMT3B, LEP, and LEPR. Individuals received fixed meals provided in energy balance. Hunger and satiety were determined pre- and postprandially by using visual analog scales.RESULTS: A general association test showed a significant association between postprandial responses in hunger and satiety with rs9939609 (P = 0.036 and P = 0.050, respectively). Individuals with low postprandial responses in hunger and satiety were overrepresented among TA/AA carriers in rs9939609 (FTO) compared with TT carriers (dominant and additive model: P = 0.013 and P = 0.020, respectively). Moreover, multifactor dimensionality reduction showed significant epistatic interactions for the postprandial decrease in hunger involving rs9939609 (FTO), rs992472 (DNMT3B), and rs1137101 (LEPR). Individuals with a low postprandial decrease in hunger were overrepresented among TA/AA (dominant), CC/CA (recessive), and AG/GG (dominant) carriers in rs9939609 (FTO), rs992472 (DNMT3B), and rs1137101 (LEPR), respectively (n = 39), compared with TT, AA, and/or AA carriers in these SNPs, respectively (P = 0.00001). Each SNP had an additional effect.CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm a role for FTO in responsiveness to hunger and satiety cues in adults in an experimental setting. The epistatic interaction suggests that DNA methylation, an epigenetic process, affects appetite.
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| 5. |
- Plasqui, G, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition in 10-13-year-old children : a comparison between air displacement plethysmography and deuterium dilution.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7166 .- 1747-7174. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Air diplacement plethysmography (ADP) has become increasingly popular to assess body composition in children. The aim of this study was to compare ADP with deuterium dilution and to investigate the effect of using child-specific prediction equations to correct raw body volume from ADP for thoracic gas volume (TGV) and body surface area (BSA).METHODS: Thirty-seven healthy Dutch children (17 girls, 20 boys) aged 10-13 years were recruited. Body volume was measured using the Bod Pod. Both adult and child-specific prediction equations were used to correct raw body volume from the Bod Pod for TGV and BSA. Total body water (TBW) was assessed using deuterium dilution. Child-specific densities and hydration fractions of fat-free mass were used to convert body volume and TBW to percentage fat mass (%FM). Correlation and agreement between methods was assessed using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots.RESULTS: Despite a high correlation between the Bod Pod and deuterium dilution (R=0.91, p <0.001), a significant difference was found between %FM obtained using the Bod Pod and deuterium dilution (p <0.001), regardless of the equation used to correct raw body volume for TGV and BSA. Bland-Altman plots showed a systematic bias towards a smaller difference between techniques at higher %FM.CONCLUSION: Significant differences in %FM were found between both methods. Given the underlying assumptions to translate body volume or TBW to %FM, it is recommended to use a 3- or 4-compartment model when assessing body composition in children.
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| 6. |
- Soenen, Stijn, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between perilipin gene polymorphisms and body weight and body composition during weight loss and weight maintenance.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 96:4-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in the perilipin (PLIN) gene may play a role in the etiology and treatment of obesity.OBJECTIVE: To examine different polymorphisms in the PLIN gene in relation to body-weight regulation.METHODS: 118 subjects followed a 6 wk VLCD, followed by 1 year weight maintenance. Body-weight (BW), body composition, leptin concentration, and polymorphisms of the PLIN gene: PLIN1:rs2289487, PLIN4:rs894160, PLIN6:rs1052700, PLIN5:rs2304795 and PLIN7:rs 2304796 were determined.RESULTS: BW loss during VLCD was 7.0+/-3.1 kg (p<0.05), and BW regain was 3.7+/-1.4 kg (p<0.05), including changes in body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference, body-composition and leptin concentrations (p<0.05). Linkage disequilibria were observed between PLIN1 and PLIN4: D' >0.9, r2=0.72; PLIN5 and PLIN7: D' >0.9, r2=0.85. In men, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat, leptin concentrations were significantly lower for the haplotype of PLIN1 (C-alleles) and PLIN4 (A-alleles). In women weight loss and loss of fat mass were larger for the haplotype of PLIN1 (C-alleles) and PLIN4 (A-alleles). For PLIN6 genotypes body weight and body fat were lower for homozygotes of the minor allele (T/T) in the men; in the women leptin concentrations were lower. The haplotype of PLIN5 and PLIN7 consisting of A/G and G/G of PLIN5 and A/A of PLIN7 showed a reduction in FM: 5.9+/-0.6 kg vs 3.1+/-0.4 kg, % body fat: 5.5+/-0.6% vs 2.2+/-0.2%, and leptin: 20.5+/-10.8 ng/ml vs 12.9+/-6.7 ng/ml over time in the women (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Since the haplotype of the minor alleles PLIN1-4, PLIN5-7 and PLIN6, was related to body-weight regulation at a lower level of body-weight in the men as well in the women we conclude that the PLIN1-4, 6, and 5-7 locus appears as a genetic influencer of obesity risk in humans.
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