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- Ahlberg, Rickard, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ADHD Medication and Shorter Height : A Quasi-Experimental and Family-based Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 62:12, s. 1316-1325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and shorter height is unclear. This study examined the risk of shorter height in individuals with ADHD, and the influence of prenatal factors, ADHD medication, psychiatric comorbidity, socioeconomic factors and familial liability.METHOD: We draw on Swedish National Registers for two different study designs. First, height data for 14,268 individuals with ADHD and 71,339 controls were stratified into two groups: 1: Before and 2: After stimulant treatment were introduced in Sweden. Second, we used a family-based design including 833,172 relatives without ADHD with different levels of relatedness to the individuals with ADHD and matched controls.RESULTS: ADHD was associated with shorter height both before (below average height: OR=1.31, 95 % CI=1.22-1.41) and after (below average height: OR=1.21, 95 % CI=1.13-1.31) stimulants for ADHD were introduced in Sweden and was of similar magnitude in both cohorts. The association between ADHD and shorter height attenuated after adjustment for prenatal factors, psychiatric disorders and SES. Relatives of individuals with ADHD had an increased risk of shorter height (below average height in full siblings: OR=1.14, 95 % CI=1.09-1.19; maternal half siblings: OR=1.10, 95 % CI=1.01-1.20; paternal half siblings: OR=1.15, 95 % CI=1.07-1.24, first full cousins: OR=1.10, 95 % CI=1.08-1.12).CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that ADHD is associated with shorter height. On a population level, this association was present both before and after ADHD-medications were available in Sweden. The association between ADHD and height was partly explained by prenatal factors, psychiatric comorbidity, low SES and a shared familial liability for ADHD.
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Rickard, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with ADHD across the lifespan : a Swedish nationwide register-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Mental Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2755-9734. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Consistent evidence suggests a strong association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subjectively reported sleep problems. However, the prevalence of clinically ascertained sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with ADHD remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD.METHODS: We linked Swedish national registers to create a cohort of individuals born 1945-2008. We estimated the absolute and relative risks (using logistic regression models) of different sleep disorder diagnoses and medication prescriptions in individuals with and without ADHD. The analyses were performed across five different age groups: children (5-11 years), adolescents (12-17 years), young adults (18-30 years), middle-aged adults (31-45 years) and older adults (46-60 years).FINDINGS: Among individuals with ADHD (N=145 490, 2.25% of the cohort), 7.5% had a sleep disorder diagnosis and 47.5% had been prescribed sleep medication. Individuals with ADHD, across all age groups, had a statistically significantly increased risk of having any sleep disorder diagnosis (ORrange=6.4-16.1) and any sleep medication prescription (ORrange=12.0-129.4) compared with individuals without ADHD. While rates of sleep disorders were highest in older adults, the relative risks were highest in youth.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with ADHD have a substantially increased risk of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions, from childhood into older adulthood.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: More clinical efforts are needed to tackle impairing sleep problems in individuals with ADHD via systematic sleep assessment, appropriate diagnosis, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Sleep medication use should be informed by sleep disorder diagnosis.
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| 3. |
- Ahlberg, Rickard, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-life instability in ADHD from young to middle adulthood : a nationwide register-based study of social and occupational problems
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies using self-reports indicate that individuals with ADHD are at increased risk for functional impairments in social and occupational settings, but evidence around real-life instability remains limited. It is furthermore unclear if these functional impairments in ADHD differ across sex and across the adult lifespan.METHOD: A longitudinal observational cohort design of 3,448,440 individuals was used to study the associations between ADHD and residential moves, relational instability and job shifting using data from Swedish national registers. Data were stratified on sex and age (18-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-52 years at start of follow up).RESULTS: 31,081 individuals (17,088 males; 13,993 females) in the total cohort had an ADHD-diagnosis. Individuals with ADHD had an increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) of residential moves (IRR 2.35 [95% CI, 2.32-2.37]), relational instability (IRR = 1.07 [95% CI, 1.06-1.08]) and job shifting (IRR = 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.04]). These associations tended to increase with increasing age. The strongest associations were found in the oldest group (40-52 years at start of follow). Women with ADHD in all three age groups had a higher rate of relational instability compared to men with ADHD.CONCLUSION: Both men and women with a diagnosis of ADHD present with an increased risk of real-life instability in different domains and this behavioral pattern was not limited to young adulthood but also existed well into older adulthood. It is therefore important to have a lifespan perspective on ADHD for individuals, relatives, and the health care sector.
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| 4. |
- Sampaio, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of (125) I Auger emission spectrum with new atomic parameters from MCDHF calculations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New 125 I atomic decay emission data of medical interest are presented. The calculations are based on two atomic structure codes that implement the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method. Radiative and non-radiative ransition rates are calculated in this method and then used to generate the atomic deexcitation cascade. Subshell transition rates, level widths and fluorescence yields are compared to the Evaluated Atomic Data Library. Coster-Kronig and Auger electron emission yields are also compared with results from other authors. The comparison with the experimental electron emission spectrum shows that the new calculations can reproduce very well the structure of the K-LL Auger electron peaks and improve the description of the M Auger peaks below 300 eV. The 125 I dose-point kernel is also simulated using the new data, resulting in higher values below 10 nm when compared those obtained with the Evaluated Atomic Data Library.
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| 5. |
- Tee, B. P. E., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a new database for Auger electron and X-ray spectra
- 2020
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Ingår i: HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR SYMPOSIUM (HIAS 2019). - : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An energy correction method is described to account for the Breit and QED effects on Auger electrons and X-ray energies in the recently developed atomic relaxation model BrIccEmis. The results are compared with literature and new experimental data for Z = 52. Overall this improves the agreement of the calculated energies with the literature values. A new atomic radiation database NS_Radlist, will contain atomic transition energies from the BrIccEmis program with these energy corrections.
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