| 1. |
- Hassel, H., et al.
(författare)
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A framework for aggregating risk information across organisational levels—the case of Swedish municipalities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World - Proceedings of the 28th International European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2018. - London : CRC Press. - 9780815386827 ; , s. 1665-1672
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performing risk assessments for hierarchical, multi-functional systems, such as a municipality, is an activity that requires input from a multitude of actors. In such systems risk assessments can be performed at many system levels and support different types of decisions. For issues that are constrained to a specific sub-system, such as a municipal department, decisions can be preferably taken at sub-system level. However, for other issues, such as those crossing many sub-systems and system levels decisions should preferably be taken at higher system levels, e.g. at the municipal level. At the same time, these decisions require extensive information from the sub-systems. The aim of the present paper is therefore to outline a framework for how risk information can be aggregated—with application in the context of Swedish municipalities. The research builds on previous work by the authors where a method for performing risk and vulnerability assessments in municipal departments has been developed using an action research approach. The method will soon be implemented in each municipal department in the municipality of Malmö, Sweden, and the next step is to develop the aggregation of these assessments. It is argued that this aggregation is facilitated by ensuring that key aspects of the risk assessments in the municipal departments are harmonized. At the same time, too much standardisation may also reduce the utility of the assessments for the municipal departments.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting critical infrastructure resilience from swedish infrastructure failure data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World - Proceedings of the 28th International European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2018. - London : CRC Press. - 9780815386827 ; , s. 1287-1296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical technical infrastructures constitute the backbone of society by providing essential services to vital societal functions and the community at large, hence it is of essence that these are resilient. Critical infrastructures, e.g. power systems, telecommunication systems and railway systems, are designed and operated based on different philosophies of where to put the resilience emphasis, robustness, rapidity of recovery or a combination of the two. Here empirical failure data, such as duration and consequence of disruptions, from several critical infrastructures in Sweden are explored and analysed. To facilitate comparisons, a generic resilience assessment approach is also presented and applied. The results give insight to the resilience level of different infrastructures in Sweden and a basis for an exploration of its reasons, e.g. due to difference in regulatory schemes, design or risk cultures. It is concluded that there exist significant differences of infrastructures resilience levels and the factors shaping the resilience.
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| 3. |
- Tehler, H., et al.
(författare)
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Using microworlds to study critical infrastructure protection—the effect of incentives on risk management
- 2018
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Ingår i: Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World - Proceedings of the 28th International European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2018. - London : CRC Press. - 9780815386827 ; , s. 1865-1872
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A computer simulated microworld was used to study risk management in a critical infrastructure context. 36 students assumed the role of an electric distribution company Chief Executive Officer (CEO) making decision on how to spend resources between investments in risk reduction and other investments. We studied the effect of differences in terms of the incentives to invest in risk reduction and the extent that the participants had access to a risk assessment. We found that both independent variables influenced the total resources spent on risk reduction and total losses due to storms. If the company had to bear a larger part of the total losses due to a storm their propensity to invest in risk reduction increased. In addition, if the participants were provided with a simple risk assessment to support their decisions they invested more resources in risk reduction, and they were also more successful in limiting the total losses due to storms.
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